GB 50174-2017 English PDF

GB 50174-2017: Code for design of data centers
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GB 50174-2017
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
UDC
P GB 50174-2017
Code for design of data centers
ISSUED ON: MAY 04, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 01, 2018
Issued by: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PRC;
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 6 
1 General provisions ... 9 
2 Terms and symbols ... 10 
2.1 Terms ... 10 
2.2 Symbols ... 15 
3 Rating classification and required features ... 16 
3.1 Rating classification ... 16 
3.2 Required features ... 16 
4 Site selection and equipment layout ... 18 
4.1 Site selection ... 18 
4.2 Composition ... 18 
4.3 Equipment layout ... 19 
5 Environmental requirement ... 21 
5.1 Temperature, dew point temperature and airborne particle concentration ... 21 
5.2 Noise, electromagnetic interference, vibration and static electricity ... 21 
6 Building and structure ... 22 
6.1 General requirements ... 22 
6.2 People flow and goods flow, entrances and exits ... 23 
6.3 Retaining structure thermal design and energy saving measures ... 23 
6.4 Interior design ... 24 
7 Air conditioning ... 26 
7.1 General requirements ... 26 
7.2 Thermal load calculation ... 26 
7.3 Airflow management ... 27 
7.4 System design ... 27 
7.5 Equipment selection ... 29 
8 Electrical systems ... 31 
8.1 Power supply and distribution ... 31 
8.2 Lighting ... 33 
8.3 Electrostatic discharge protection ... 34 
8.4 Lightning protection and grounding ... 35 
9 Electromagnetic shielding ... 37 
9.1 General requirements ... 37 
9.2 Shielding structure ... 37 
9.3 Shielding objects ... 38 
10 Network and cabling system ... 39 
10.1 Network system ... 39 
10.2 Cabling system ... 39 
11 Intelligent system ... 42 
11.1 General requirements ... 42 
11.2 Environment and equipment monitoring ... 42 
11.3 Security system ... 43 
11.4 Enterprise command center ... 43 
12 Water supply and drainage ... 45 
12.1 General requirements ... 45 
12.2 Piping layout ... 45 
13 Fire protection and safety ... 46 
13.1 General requirements ... 46 
13.2 Fire prevention and evacuation ... 46 
13.3 Fire protection facilities ... 48 
13.4 Safety measure ... 49 
Appendix A -- Technical requirements for data center ratings ... 50 
Explanation of wording in this code ... 59 
List of quoted standards ... 60 
Code for design of data centers
1 General provisions
1.0.1 To standardize the design of the data center, ensure that the electronic
information system operates safely, stably and reliably, make the technology
advanced, economically reasonable, safe and applicable, energy saving and
environmental protection, it hereby formulates this code.
1.0.2 This code applies to the design of newly built, rebuilt, expanded data
centers.
1.0.3 The design of the data center shall follow the principle of coordination
between the recent construction scale and the long-term development plan.
1.0.4 In addition to complying with this code, the design of the data center shall
also comply with the relevant national standards.
2 Terms and symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Data center
A building site that provides an operating environment for a centralized
electronic information equipment, which may be one or several buildings, or
may be part of a building, including a computer room, an auxiliary area, a
support area, an administrative area.
2.1.2 Computer room
A building space which is mainly used for the installation and operation of data
processing equipment, including the server room, network room, storage room
and other functional areas.
2.1.3 Auxiliary area
A place for installation, commissioning, maintenance, operation monitoring and
management of electronic information equipment and software, including wire-
incoming room, test equipment rooms, general control centers, fire and security
control rooms, unpacking areas, spare parts warehouses, printing rooms,
maintenance room and other areas.
2.1.4 Support area
Areas providing power support and safety for the computer room and auxiliary
area, including power transform and distribution room, diesel generator room,
battery room, air-conditioning room, power station room, uninterruptible power
supply system, fire-fighting facilities, etc.
2.1.5 Administrative area
A place which is used for daily administrative management and management
of equipment as entrusted by customers, including offices, foyers, duty rooms,
washrooms, locker rooms, user studios, etc.
2.1.6 Business recovery data center
A place wherein the critical business functions such as data processing and
support are continued in case of a disaster to substitute the operation of the
production system, including restricted areas, regular areas, dedicated areas.
2.1.7 Restricted area
2.1.16 Electromagnetic shielding
The use of conductive material to reduce the penetration of the alternating
electromagnetic field into the designated area.
2.1.17 Electromagnetic shielding enclosure
A building space which is specifically designed to attenuate and isolate the
internal or external electric and magnetic fields.
2.1.18 Cut-off waveguide vent
A device which integrates the cut-off waveguide with the vent, which allows air
to circulate and attenuate electromagnetic waves in a certain frequency range.
2.1.19 Modular electromagnetic shielding enclosure
An electromagnetic shielding enclosure which, according to the design
requirements, has modular structures and is assembled at construction site by
the pre-formed shielding enclosure modular plate, structural member, shielding
components, etc.
2.1.20 Welded electromagnetic shielding enclosure
An electromagnetic shielding enclosure whose main structure is a fixed
structure built by field welding.
2.1.21 Remote power panel (RPP)
An equipment which provides power distribution management equipment for
cabinets arranged in rows or by functional area.
2.1.22 Horizontal distribution area cabinet
A horizontal distribution area device that provides network services for cabinets
arranged in rows or by functional area.
2.1.23 Intelligent cabling management system
A complete software and hardware integration system which realizes intelligent
management of tracking, recording, reporting of the connection status of the
wiring system and network equipment through real-time monitoring of the port
connection properties of the electronic distribution equipment.
2.1.24 Static state
The air conditioning system of the computer room is in normal operation; the
indoor temperature and dew point temperature meet the operational
requirements of the electronic information equipment; but the electronic
bundle, a bonding bar, or an equipotential bonding grid.
2.1.34 power usage effectiveness (PUE)
A parameter that characterizes the efficiency of power utilization in a data center.
The value is the ratio of the total electrical energy consumed by all powered
devices in the data center to the total electrical energy consumed by all
electronic information equipment.
2.1.35 Water usage effectiveness (WUE)
A parameter that characterizes the water usage efficiency of a data center. The
value is the ratio of the total water consumed by all water equipment in the data
center to the total energy consumed by all electronic information equipment.
2.1.36 Automatic transfer switching equipment (ATSE)
An electrical appliance consisting of one or several transfer switching
equipment and other necessary electrical appliances, for monitoring the power
supply circuit and automatically switching one or more load circuits from one
power source to another.
2.1.37 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
The calculation method of using the computer simulation to solve the fluid
mechanics equation, analyzing the physical phenomena such as fluid flow and
heat transfer, to obtain the temperature field, pressure field, velocity field.
2.1.38 Duplicate-supply
A load of power is provided by two circuits that are considered to be
independent of each other in terms of safe power supply.
2.1.39 Enterprise command center (ECC)
A platform for centralized monitoring, command and dispatch, technical support,
and emergency drills for data center systems. It can also be called a monitoring
center.
2.1.40 Uninterruptible power system (UPS)
A system consisting of a combination of a converter, a switch, an energy storage
device that delivers AC or DC power during normal or faulty input power, to
maintain continuity of power to the load for a certain period of time.
2.1.41 Total cost of ownership (TCO)
The sum of construction and operating costs over the life of the data center.
3 Rating classification and required features
3.1 Rating classification
3.1.1 Data centers shall be divided into three levels: A, B, C. During design, it
shall, based on the usage nature of the data center, the economic or social loss
or impact due to the loss of data or the interruption of network, determine the
level.
3.1.2 A data center that meets one of the following conditions shall be level A:
1 The interruption of the operation of the electronic information system will
cause significant economic losses;
2 The interruption of the operation of the electronic information system will
cause serious disorder in public places.
3.1.3 A data center that meets one of the following conditions shall be level B:
1 The interruption of the operation of the electronic information system will
cause greater economic losses;
2 The interruption of the operation of the electronic information system will
cause disorder in public places.
3.1.4 Data centers that are not level A or level B shall be Level C.
3.1.5 The business recovery data center established in the same city or in
different places should be designed at the same level as the primary data center.
3.1.6 The data center’s infrastructure components should be designed
according to the same level of technical requirements; or can be designed
according to different levels of technical requirements. When the components
are designed according to different levels, the level of the data center shall be
determined according to the lowest level of the components.
3.2 Required features
3.2.1 The infrastructure of the level A data center shall be configured according
to the fault-tolerant system. During the operation of the electronic information
system, the infrastructure shall ensure the normal operation of the electronic
information system after an accident or maintenance or overhaul of the single-
system equipment.
3.2.2 When the level A data center meets the following requirements at the
4 Site selection and equipment layout
4.1 Site selection
4.1.1 Data center location shall be selected according to the following
requirements:
1 The power supply shall be sufficient and reliable; the communication shall
be fast and smooth; the traffic shall be convenient;
2 For the data center which is cooled by water evaporation cooling method,
the water source shall be sufficient;
3 The natural environment shall be clean; the ambient temperature shall be
conducive to energy conservation;
4 It shall be away from the production of dust, soot, harmful gases and the
production or storage of corrosive, flammable, explosive materials;
5 It shall be away from flood hazards, earthquakes and other areas of natural
disasters;
6 It shall be away from strong vibration sources and strong noise sources;
7 It shall avoid strong electromagnetic field interference;
8 The level A data center should not be built directly above the public parking
garage;
9 The large and medium-sized data centers should not be built in residential
and commercial areas.
4.1.2 For the data center at a local area in the building, when determining the
location of the computer room, it shall conduct comprehensive analysis and
economic comparison for such issues as safety, equipment transportation,
pipeline laying, lightning induction, structural load, flooding, installation location
of outdoor equipment of the air conditioning system.
4.2 Composition
4.2.1 The composition of the data center shall be determined according to the
operating characteristics of the system and the specific requirements of the
equipment. It should be composed of the computer room, auxiliary area,
support area, administrative area, other functional areas.
5 Environmental requirement
5.1 Temperature, dew point temperature and airborne particle
concentration
5.1.1 The temperature, dew point temperature and relative humidity in the
computer room and auxiliary area shall meet the requirements for the use of
electronic information equipment. When the electronic information equipment
has not been determined, it shall be implemented in accordance with Appendix
A of this code.
5.1.2 The airborne particle concentration in the computer room shall be tested
under static or dynamic conditions. The number of suspended particles with a
particle size greater than or equal to 0.5 µm per cubic meter of air shall be less
than 17.6 million.
5.1.3 The indoor air quality after the decoration of the data center shall comply
with the relevant provisions of the current national standard “Indoor air quality
standard” GB/T 18883.
5.2 Noise, electromagnetic interference, vibration and static
electricity
5.2.1 In the enterprise command center, the noise value measured at the long-
term fixed working position shall be less than 60 dB(A).
5.2.2 The radio interference field intensity of the computer room and the
auxiliary area shall not exceed 130 dB (µV/m) in the frequency range of 80 MHz
~ 1000 MHz and 1400 MHz ~ 2000 MHz; the field strength of the power
frequency field shall not exceed 30 A/m.
5.2.3 Under the condition of electronic information equipment shutdown, the
vertical and horizontal vibration acceleration of t...