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GB 5009.25-2016: National food safety standard - Determination of Sterigmatocystin in Food
GB 5009.25-2016
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
National Food Safety Standard -
Determination of Sterigmatocystin in Food
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 23, 2016
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 23, 2017
Issued by: National Health and Family Planning Commission of the
People’s Republic of China;
China Food and Drug Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 4 
Method I -- Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry ... 4 
2 Principle ... 4 
3 Reagents and Materials ... 4 
4 Instruments and Equipment ... 6 
5 Analytical Procedures ... 6 
6 Expression of Analytical Result ... 9 
7 Precision ... 10 
8 Others ... 10 
Method II -- Liquid Chromatography ... 10 
9 Principle ... 10 
10 Reagents and Solutions ... 10 
11 Instruments and Equipment ... 12 
12 Analytical Procedures ... 12 
13 Expression of Analytical Result ... 14 
14 Precision ... 14 
15 Others ... 14 
Method III -- Thin-layer Chromatography ... 15 
16 Principle ... 15 
17 Reagents and Solutions ... 15 
18 Instruments and Equipment ... 16 
19 Analytical Procedures ... 16 
Appendix A Mass Spectrometry Conditions and Ion Source Control Conditions
... 20 
Appendix B Liquid Chromatogram ... 23 
National Food Safety Standard -
Determination of Sterigmatocystin in Food
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the methods for the determination of sterigmatocystin: liquid
chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid
chromatography.
This Standard is applicable to the determination of sterigmatocystin in rice, corn, wheat,
soy and peanut.
Method I -- Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass
Spectrometry
2 Principle
Use acetonitrile - aqueous solution to extract sterigmatocystin in the sample. Through
vortex, ultrasound and centrifugation, take the supernatant for dilution. Through solid
phase extraction column or immunoaffinity column, purify and concentrate it. Use
methanol - aqueous solution to reach a constant volume. Use microporous membrane
to filter it. Use liquid chromatography for separation. Use electrospray ion source for
ionization. Use multiple reactive ion monitoring for detection. Use isotope internal
standard method to quantify it.
3 Reagents and Materials
Unless it is otherwise stipulated, all reagents used in this Method shall be analytically
pure. Water shall be Grade-1 water stipulated in GB/T 6682.
3.1 Reagents
3.1.1 Acetonitrile (CH3CN): chromatographic purity.
3.1.2 Methanol (CH3OH): chromatographic purity.
3.1.3 Sodium chloride (NaCl).
3.4.3 Isotope internal standard working solution (1.0 μg/mL): accurately transfer-take
0.40 mL of sterigmatocystin isotope internal standard (25 μg/mL), then, place it into a
10 mL volumetric flask. Use methanol to dilute to a constant volume. Store it at -20 °C.
The storage life is 3 months.
3.4.4 Standard series working solution: accurately transfer-take a proper amount of
the standard working solution, then, place it into a 5 mL volumetric flask. Add 50 μL of
1.0 μg/mL isotope internal standard working solution. Use methanol - aqueous solution
(70 + 30) to reach to a constant scale (series standard solutions, in which,
sterigmatocystin concentration is: 1 ng/mL, 2 ng/mL, 5 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 20 ng/mL, 30
ng/mL, 40 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL). Prepare it right before usage.
3.5 Materials
3.5.1 Immunoaffinity column: column capacity  600 ng (please refer to B.2 for the
method of validating column capacity).
3.5.2 Solid phase extraction column: N-vinyl pyrrolidone and divinylbenzene
copolymer packed column (200 mg/6 mL), or equivalent. Before usage, respectively
use 5 mL of methanol and 5 mL of water to activate it.
3.5.3 Microporous membrane: 0.22 μm.
4 Instruments and Equipment
4.1 Liquid chromatograph - tandem mass spectrometer: equipped with electrospray
ion source.
4.2 High-speed pulverizer.
4.3 Vortex mixer.
4.4 Ultrasonic generator.
4.5 Balance: division value: 0.01 g and 0.00001 g.
4.6 Centrifuge: rotating speed  6,000 r/min.
4.7 Solid phase extraction device (equipped with vacuum pump).
4.8 Nitrogen blower.
4.9 Test sieve: aperture 1 mm ~ 2 mm.
5 Analytical Procedures
5.1 Sample Preparation
eluent into the scale test tube. Use vacuum pump to drain the affinity column. At 60 °C,
use nitrogen to slowly blow the eluent, till it becomes dry. Use methanol - aqueous
solution (70 + 30) to dilute to a constant volume of 1.0 mL. Conduct vortex for 30 s to
dissolve the residue. Use 0.22 μm membrane to filter it. Gather the filtrate in an
injection bottle to prepare for sample injection. In accordance with the same method of
operation, conduct blank test.
NOTE: in accordance with the practical situation in the laboratory, one of the above-
mentioned purification methods may be selected.
5.4 Reference Conditions of Instruments
5.4.1 Chromatographic reference conditions
a) Liquid phase chromatographic column: C18 column, column length: 100 mm;
internal diameter: 2.1 mm; particle size: 1.8 μm, or equivalent chromatographic
column;
b) Mobile phase: Phase-A: water; Phase-B: methanol;
c) Gradient elution conditions: 70% B (0 min ~ 5 min); 100% B (5 min ~ 8 min);
70% B (8 min ~ 12 min);
d) Flow rate: 0.2 mL/min;
e) Chromatographic column temperature: 40 °C;
f) Injection volume: 10 μL.
5.4.2 Mass spectrometry reference conditions
a) Mode of detection: multi-ion reaction monitoring (MRM);
b) Please refer to Table A.1 for mass spectrometry conditions and ion selection
parameters;
c) Please refer to Figure A.1 ~ Figure A.2 for sub-ion scan;
d) Please refer to Figure A.3 for liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry.
5.5 Draw a Standard Curve
In accordance with the sequence from low concentration to high concentration, inject
the standard series working solution into the liquid chromatograph - tandem mass
spectrometer; measure the peak area of corresponding chromatographic peak. Take
the concentration of sterigmatocystin in the standard series working solution as the x-
coordinate. Take the ratio of the peak area of sterigmatocystin chromatographic peak
and the peak area of isotope internal standard chromatographic peak as the y-
X---content of sterigmatocystin in the sample, expressed in (μg/kg);
---concentration of sterigmatocystin in the sample solution, obtained through the
standard curve, expressed in (ng/mL);
V---final constant volume, expressed in (mL);
m---weighing mass of the sample, expressed in (g);
f---dilution factor (f = 10);
The calculation result shall retain 3 significant figures.
7 Precision
The absolute difference of two independent determination results obtained under
repeatability condition shall not exceed 20% of the arithmetic mean value.
8 Others
When 5 g of rice, corn and wheat sample is weighed and taken, the detection limit is
0.6 μg/kg; the quantitation limit is 2 μg/kg. When 2 g of soy and peanut sample is
weighed and taken, the detection limit is 1.5 μg/kg; the quantitation limit is 5 μg/kg.
Method II -- Liquid Chromatography
9 Principle
Use acetonitrile - aqueous solution to extract sterigmatocystin in the sample. Through
homogenization, vortex, ultrasound and centrifugation, take the supernatant; use
phosphate buffer solution to dilute it. Use immunoaffinity column for purification and
elution. Use nitrogen to blow it to dryness and concentrate it. Use the mobile phase to
reach a constant volume. Use microporous membrane to filter it. Use liquid
chromatography to separate UV detector for detection. Use external standard method
to quantify it.
10 Reagents and Solutions
Unless it is otherwise stipulated, all reagents used in this Method shall be analytically
pure. Water shall be Grade-1 water stipulated in GB/T 6682.
the standard working solution, then, place it into a 5 mL volumetric flask. Use
acetonitrile - aqueous solution (50 + 50) to reach to a constant scale (series standard
solutions, in which, sterigmatocystin concentration is: 5 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 25 ng/mL,
50 ng/mL, 75 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL). Prepare it right before usage.
10.5 Materials
10.5.1 Immunoaffinity column: column capacity  600 ng (please refer to B.2 for the
method of validating column capacity).
10.5.2 Microporous membrane: 0.22 μm.
11 Instruments and Equipment
11.1 Liquid chromatograph: equipped with UV detector.
11.2 High-speed pulverizer.
11.3 Vortex mixer.
11.4 Ultrasonic generator.
11.5 Balance: division value: 0.01 g and 0.00001 g.
11.6 Centrifuge: rotating speed  6,000 r/min.
11.7 Solid phase extraction device (equipped with vacuum pump).
11.8 Nitrogen blower.
11.9 Test sieve: aperture 1 mm ~ 2 mm.
12 Analytical Procedures
The operation of immunoaffinity column manufactured by different manufacturers
might be slightly different in sample injection, rinsing and elution. The operation shall
comply with operation instructions provided by manufacturers.
12.1 Sample Preparation
Use high-speed pulverizer to grind the sample. Then, use a test sieve (aperture 1 mm
~ 2 mm) to sieve the sample. After the sample is well-mixed, take 100 g of the sample
for tests.
12.2 Sample Extraction
Weigh-take 5 g (accurate to 0.01 g) of homogeneous sample, then, place it into a 50
measure the peak area of corresponding chromatographic peak. Take the
concentration of sterigmatocystin in the standard series working solution as the x-
coordinate. Take the peak area of sterigmatocystin chromatographic peak as the y-
coordinate. Thus, draw a standard curve.
12.6 Determination of Sample Solution
Inject sample solution into the liquid chromatograph for determination; measure the
peak area of corresponding chromatographic peak. In accordance with the standard
curve, obtain the concentration of sterigmatocystin in the sample solution.
13 Expression of Analytical Result
The content of sterigmatocystin in the sample shall be calculated in accordance with
Formula (2):
Where,
X---content of sterigmatocystin in the sample, expressed in (μg/kg);
---concentration of sterigmatocystin, calculated in accordance with the
chromatographic peak area of sterigmatocystin in the sample, expressed in (ng/mL);
V---final constant volume, expressed in (mL);
m---weighing mass of the sample, expressed in (g);
f---dilution factor (f = 10).
The calculation result shall retain 3 significant figures.
14 Precision
The absolute difference of two independent determination results obtained under
repeatability condition shall not exceed 20% of the arithmetic mean value.
15 Others
When 5 g of rice, corn, wheat, soy and peanut sample is weighed and taken, the
detection limit is 6 μg/kg; the quantitation limit is 20 μg/kg.
18 Instruments and Equipment
18.1 Small-sized grinder.
18.2 Sample sieve (sieve aperture size: 0.850 mm and 2 mm).
18.3 Electric oscillator.
18.4 All-glass concentrator.
18.5 Glass plate: 10 cm  10 cm; 10 cm  18.5 cm.
18.6 Developing tank: internal length: 10 cm; width: 4.5 cm; height: 17 cm. Internal
length: 11.5 cm; width: 60 cm; height: 19 m.
18.7 Glass sprayer.
18.8 Air pump or oil pump.
19 Analytical Procedures
19.1 Extraction
Rice, corn, wheat, soy and peanut: weigh-take 20.00 g of rice, corn, wheat and soy
grinded sample which is sieved through 0.85 mm sieve mesh (peanut grinded sample
shall be sieved through 2 mm sieve mesh). Place the sample into a conical flask with
a stopper. Add 80 mL of methanol - sodium chloride solution (90 + 10). Conduct
oscillation for 30 min, then, filter it. Gather 40 mL of the sample solution (in terms of
soy and peanut sample, take 20 mL of the sample solution, then, add 20 mL of
extracting solution); transfer it into a 250 mL separating funnel. Add 25 mL of sodium
chloride solution (the volume ratio of methanol and water shall be 55 + 45) and 25 mL
of petroleum ether. Shake it for 2 min, then, place it still for stratification. Place the
upper layer of petroleum ether solution into a conical flask; transfer the lower layer of
solution into the previous separating funnel. Then, use 25 mL of petroleum ether to
extract once. In the end, combine the respectively obtained upper layer of petroleum
ether solution; add 25 mL of methanol - sodium chloride solution (55 + 45) [in terms of
soy and peanut sample, add 25 mL of methanol - sodium chloride solution (70 + 30);
shake it for 30 s]. Combine the lower layer into the previous methanol aqueous layer.
Repeatedly use methanol - sodium chloride solution (55 + 45) to extract twice [in terms
of soy and peanut sample, repeatedly use methanol - sodium chloride solution (70 +
30) to extract once], so as to extract sterigmatocystin in that layer. After combining the
lower layer of solution, add 30 mL of trichloromethane (in terms of soy and peanut
sample, except from adding trichloromethane, add 13 mL of sodium chloride solution;
the volume ratio of methanol and water shall be 55 + 45); shake it for 2 min, then, place
it still. When the upper layer of turbid liquid becomes partially pellucid, use quantitative
expand to around 9 cm; take it out to evaporate it.
19.2.1.3.2 Vertical expansion: developing solvent is 15 mL of benzene - methanol -
glacial acetic acid (90 + 8 + 2 or 92.5 + 6 + 1.5). Place the side that is closer to the
standard point and the sample solution point into the slot, then, expand to around 9
cm; take it out to evaporate it.
19.2.1.4 Fluorescence developing
On a thin-layer plate, spray aluminum trichloride - ethanol solution (200 g/L); heat it up
at 80 °C for 10 min. Then, immediately observe the result under ultraviolet light
(wavelength 365 nm). After the thin-layer plate cools down, thinly spray for the second
time (no need for heating), then, directly observe the result.
19.2.1.5 Observe and evaluate the result
Observe under ultraviolet light. If the second point of the second plate displays the
minimum detection amount in corresponding area of the standard point, but in the
same position on the first plate, fluorescen...