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GB 4789.18-2024: National Food Safety Standards--Food Microbiology Testing--Milk and Dairy Products Sampling and Sample Processing
GB 4789.18-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
National food safety standard - Food microbiology testing -
Sampling and sample processing for milk and milk products
ISSUED ON: FEBRUARY 8, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: AUGUST 8, 2024
Issued by: National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China;
State Administration for Market Regulation.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Equipment and materials ... 4
3 Sampling ... 4
4 Sample processing ... 6
5 Inspection ... 8
National food safety standard - Food microbiology testing -
Sampling and sample processing for milk and milk products
1 Scope
This standard specifies the sampling and sample processing methods for milk and milk
products.
This standard applies to the sampling and sample processing of milk and milk products.
2 Equipment and materials
2.1 Sampling tools
Sampling tools shall be made of stainless steel or other materials of appropriate strength,
with smooth surfaces, rounded corners, and no gaps. Sampling tools shall be cleaned,
sterilized, and kept dry before use. Sampling tools include stirring utensils, sampling
spoons, scoops, cutting wires, scissors, knives (knives or spatulas), sampling drills, etc.
2.2 Sample container
The material (such as glass, stainless steel, and plastic) and structure of the sample
container shall be able to fully ensure the original state of the sample. Containers and
lids shall be clean, sterile, and dry. The sample container shall be of sufficient volume
so that the sample can be fully mixed before testing. Sample containers include
sampling bags, sampling tubes, sampling bottles, etc.
2.3 Other supplies
The alcohol lamp, thermometer, aluminum foil, sealing film, markers, sampling
registration form, etc. are included.
3 Sampling
3.1 Sampling principles and sampling plans
Sampling principles and sampling plans shall be implemented in accordance with the
provisions of GB 4789.1.
The number of sampling pieces n shall be implemented in accordance with the
requirements of relevant food safety standards. The sampling volume of each sample
shall not be less than 5 times the sample of the inspection unit, or determined according
to the purpose of inspection. The following specifies the sampling requirements for a
food sample.
3.2 Raw milk
3.2.1 The samples shall be mixed as fully as possible, and samples shall be taken
immediately after mixing. Use sterile sampling tools to collect samples from the same
batch (here specifically refers to individual milk storage tanks or milk storage trucks).
3.2.2 For milk storage devices with divided areas, a certain amount of uniformly mixed
representative samples shall be collected from each divided area in proportion
according to the different amounts of milk stored in each divided area. Sampling after
mixing is not allowed.
3.3 Liquid milk products (pasteurized milk, high-temperature sterilized milk,
modified milk, etc.)
3.3.1 For individually packaged liquid milk products less than or equal to 1000 g(mL),
take individual packages from the same batch.
3.3.2 For individually packaged liquid milk products greater than 1000 g(mL), take
individual packages from the same batch; or shake evenly and then take the sample.
3.4 Semi-solid milk products
3.4.1 Concentrated milk products, fermented milk, and flavored fermented milk
3.4.1.1 For products with an individual package less than or equal to 1000 g(mL), take
individual packages of the same batch.
3.4.1.2 Products that are individually packaged greater than 1000 g(mL) shall be shaken
or stirred with a stirrer before sampling to achieve uniformity before sampling. If the
sample cannot be mixed uniformly, representative samples shall be taken from different
parts of the sample container.
3.4.2 Single cream, cream, anhydrous cream
3.4.2.1 For products with an individual package less than or equal to 1000 g(mL), take
individual packages of the same batch.
3.4.2.2 Products that are individually packaged greater than 1000 g(mL) shall be shaken
or stirred with a stirrer before sampling to achieve uniformity before sampling. For solid
cream and its products, use a sterile spatula to remove the surface layer of the product,
with a thickness of not less than 5 mm. Push the clean and dry sampling drill downward
4.2 Raw milk and liquid milk products
Shake the test sample well, take 25 mL(g) of the test sample, put it into a sterile
container containing 225 mL of sterilized diluent or enrichment solution, shake evenly,
and try to avoid the generation of foam when shaking well.
4.3 Semi-solid milk products
4.3.1 After sterilizing the area around the mouth of the bottle or jar, open the bottle or
jar with a sterilized can opener, weigh 25 g of the sample aseptically, and place it into
a sterile container containing 225 mL of sterilized diluent or enrichment solution, then
shake or homogenize.
4.3.2 When using a homogeneous bag, there is no need to preheat the diluent, just tap
the diluent to mix it evenly.
4.3.3 For products with a fat content of more than 20%, an appropriate proportion of
sterilized Tween-80 can be added according to the fat content for mixing. The amount
added can be calculated by adding 1 g/L for every 10% of the fat content (for example,
if the fat content is 40%, add 4 g/L). You can also preheat the diluent or enrichment
solution to 44 ℃~47 ℃.
4.4 Solid milk products
4.4.1 Cheese, processed cheese, and cheese products
After opening the outer package by aseptic operation, remove part of the surface sealing
wax from the coated samples, and cut the cheese directly with a sterilized knife through
aseptic procedures for the uncoated samples. Use a sterile knife (spoon) to take out an
appropriate amount of representative sample from the surface and deep layers
respectively, weigh 25 g of the test sample, put it into a sterile container containing 225
mL of diluent or enrichment solution, choose an appropriate method to homogenize it
and then test. If it is expected that a uniform suspension cannot be obtained after sample
processing, the diluent or enrichment solution can be preheated to 44 °C~47 °C.
4.4.2 Milk powder, formulated milk powder, whey powder, and whey protein
powder
The opening and sampling method for canned milk powder or formulated milk powder
is the same as 4.3.1. For bagged milk powder or formulated milk powder, wipe the
mouth of the bag with 75% alcohol cotton balls to disinfect it and then open it.
Aseptically weigh 25 g of the sample, slowly pour it onto the surface of 225 mL of
diluent or enrichment solution in a sterile container, let it stand at room temperature to
dissolve, and then test. If the dissolution is not complete, shake gently or use a peristaltic
mixer to mix. For whey powder produced by the acidification process, it shall be diluted
with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate buffer with pH 8.4±0.2. For specially formulated