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GB 38400-2019: Limitation requirements of toxic and harmful substance in fertilizers
GB 38400-2019
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 65.080
G 20
Limitation requirements of toxic and harmful
substance in fertilizers
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 17, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 4 
2 Normative references ... 4 
3 Terms and definitions ... 5 
4 Requirements ... 6 
5 Test method ... 8 
6 Inspection rules ... 9 
Appendix A (Normative) Terrestrial plant growth test ... 10 
Appendix B (Normative) Determination of total nickel, total cobalt, total
vanadium, total antimony, total thallium in fertilizers Inductively coupled plasma
emission spectrometry ... 20 
Appendix C (Informative) Species for plant testing ... 25 
Appendix D (Informative) Examples of defining suitable growth conditions for
specific species in terrestrial plant growth tests ... 26 
References ... 27 
Limitation requirements of toxic and harmful
substance in fertilizers
1 Scope
This standard specifies the limit requirements, test methods, inspection rules
for toxic and harmful substances in fertilizers.
This standard applies to commercial fertilizers produced by various processes.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 2441.2 Determination of urea - Part 2: Biuret content -
Spectrophotometric method
GB 5085.1 Identification standards for hazardous wastes - Identification for
corrosivity
GB 5085.2 Identification standards for hazardous wastes - Screening test
for acute toxicity
GB 5085.3 Identification standards for hazardous wastes - Identification for
extraction toxicity
GB 5085.4 Identification standards for hazardous wastes - Identification for
ignitability
GB 5085.5 Identification standards for hazardous wastes - Identification for
reactivity
GB 5085.6 Identification standards for hazardous wastes - Identification for
toxic substance content
GB/T 8170-2008 Rules of rounding off for numerical values and expression
and judgement of limiting values
GB/T 19524.1 Determination of fecal coliforms in fertilizers
5 Test method
5.1 Corrosion identification
It is performed according to GB 5085.1.
5.2 Acute toxicity identification
It is performed according to GB 5085.2.
5.3 Identification of leaching toxicity
It is performed according to GB 5085.3.
5.4 Identification of flammability
It is performed according to GB 5085.4.
5.5 Identification of reactivity
It is performed according to GB 5085.5.
5.6 Identification of toxic substance content
It is performed according to GB 5085.6.
5.7 Total cadmium, total mercury, total arsenic, total lead, total chromium
It is performed according to GB/T 23349 or ISO 17318; GB/T 23349 is used as
the arbitration method.
5.8 Total nickel, total cobalt, total vanadium, total antimony, total thallium
It is performed according to Appendix B.
5.9 Biuret
It is performed according to GB/T 22924 or GB/T 2441.2 or ISO 18643; GB/T
22924 is used as the arbitration method.
5.10 Benzo[a]pyrene
It is performed according to GB/T 32952.
5.11 Total petroleum hydrocarbons
It is performed according to GB 5085.6.
5.12 Total phthalates
Appendix A
(Normative)
Terrestrial plant growth test
A.1 Test substance information
The test substance information includes but is not limited to: water solubility,
vapor pressure, structural formula, solubility in organic solvents, n-
octanol/water partition coefficient, absorption behavior, purity, stability in water
and light, results of biodegradation tests .
A.2 Introduction to test
A.2.1 Test purpose
Used to evaluate the potential toxic effects of solid and liquid chemicals in the
soil on plant seedlings and early growth after one-time application.
A.2.2 Test principle
This Appendix is used to evaluate the effects of applying the test substance in
the soil (or other suitable soil substrate) on the emergence of seedlings and the
early growth of higher plants. The seeds are planted in the soil treated with the
test product and evaluated within 14 d ~ 21 d after the emergence rate of the
control group reaches 50%. The end-point measurement is the visible
emergence rate, the dry weight of the seedling (or fresh weight), in some cases
the height of the seedling; it shall also evaluate the harmful effects visible on
different parts of the plant. These measurements and observations are
compared with untreated controls.
According to the possible exposure pathways, the test product is mixed into the
soil (or possible artificial soil substrate) or sprayed on the soil surface. These
pathways shall represent the potential exposure pathways of chemicals as
accurately as possible. When the soil is mixed, a large amount of loose soil is
mixed first, then it is put in a pot, the selected plant seeds are planted into the
soil. When applying the pesticide on the surface, put the soil in the pot first,
plant the seeds, then spray the pesticide. The test system (control and treated
soil and seeds) is placed in an environment suitable for plant growth.
This Appendix can determine the dose-response curve according to the
purpose of the study, or a single dose/ratio as a limit test. If the single-dose/ratio
test exceeds a certain level of toxicity (for example, the observed effect is higher
than x%), a range screening test is required to determine the upper and lower
toxicity limits; then a multiple-dose test is performed to generate a dose-
response curve. Appropriate statistical analysis methods are used to analyze
the test substance is not a plant protection product, the artificial substrate can
be used to replace the natural soil for the test. The matrix used shall contain
inert substances, to reduce interaction with the test product, solvent carrier or
both. Quartz sand, mineral wire and glass beads (such as: 0.35 mm ~ 0.85 mm
in diameter) that have been washed with acid are suitable inert substances,
which can reduce the absorption of the test product and ensure that the test
product reaches the seedlings through the root absorption as much as possible.
Unsuitable substrates include vermiculite, perlite or other highly absorbent
materials. The nutrients needed for plant growth shall be provided, to ensure
that the plants are not stressed by nutrient deficiency, which can be evaluated
by chemical analysis or visible evaluation of control plants.
A.4.2 Test plants
The selection of plant species shall consider its taxonomic diversity in the plant
kingdom, its distribution characteristics, the specific life history of the species,
the regional differences in natural distribution, including the following
characteristics:
- Having uniform seeds, obtained from reliable standard seed sources, can
produce continuous, reliable and consistent germination, as well as
consistent seedling growth;
- Plants shall be suitable for testing in the laboratory; it may obtain reliable
and reproducible results in and between laboratories;
- The sensitivity of the species used shall be consistent with the plant's
response to environmental exposure;
- T...