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GB 31241-2022: Lithium ion cells and batteries used in portable electronic equipment -- Safety technical specification
GB 31241-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.220.99
CCS K 82
Replacing GB 31241-2014
Lithium ion cells and batteries used in portable electronic
equipment - Safety technical specification
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 29, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 01, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 5
Introduction ... 8
1 Scope ... 10
2 Normative references ... 10
3 Terms and definitions ... 11
4 Test conditions ... 17
4.1 Applicability of the test ... 17
4.2 Environmental conditions for the test ... 17
4.3 Parameter measurement tolerance ... 18
4.4 Temperature measurement method ... 18
4.5 Charging and discharging procedure for test ... 18
4.6 Simulated faults or abnormal operating conditions ... 19
4.7 Type test ... 19
5 General safety requirements ... 23
5.1 General safety considerations ... 23
5.2 Safety working parameters ... 23
5.3 Labeling and warning instructions ... 24
5.4 Safety-critical components ... 26
6 Electrical safety test of cell ... 27
6.1 High temperature external short circuit ... 27
6.2 Overcharge ... 28
6.3 Forced discharge ... 29
7 Environmental safety test of cell ... 29
7.1 Low air pressure ... 29
7.2 Temperature cycle ... 30
7.3 Vibration ... 30
7.4 Acceleration impact ... 31
7.5 Dropping ... 31
7.6 Extrusion ... 32
7.7 Heavy impact ... 33
7.8 Hot abuse ... 33
7.9 Combustion injection ... 34
8 Environmental safety test of battery ... 34
8.1 Low air pressure ... 34
8.2 Temperature cycle ... 34
8.3 Vibration ... 34
8.4 Acceleration impact ... 34
8.5 Dropping ... 35
8.6 Stress relief ... 35
8.7 High temperature use ... 35
8.8 Washing ... 36
8.9 Flame retardant requirements ... 36
9 Electrical safety test of battery ... 37
9.1 General ... 37
9.2 Overvoltage charging ... 37
9.3 Overcurrent charging ... 38
9.4 Undervoltage discharge ... 38
9.5 Overcurrent discharge ... 38
9.6 External short circuit ... 39
9.7 Reverse charging ... 39
10 Safety requirements for battery protective circuit ... 39
10.1 Overvoltage charge protection ... 40
10.2 Overcurrent charge protection ... 40
10.3 Undervoltage discharge protection ... 41
10.4 Overcurrent discharge protection ... 41
10.5 Short circuit protection ... 41
11 Safety requirements for system protective circuit ... 42
11.1 Charging voltage control ... 42
11.2 Charging current control ... 42
11.3 Discharging voltage control ... 43
11.4 Discharging current control ... 43
11.5 Charging and discharging temperature control ... 43
12 Requirements for consistency ... 44
12.1 General requirements ... 44
12.2 Requirements for testing ... 44
Appendix A (Informative) Example of working range ... 47
Appendix B (Normative) Test sequence ... 55
Appendix C (Normative) Test tooling and measuring instruments ... 58
Appendix D (Informative) Reference standard for safety-critical components ... 61
Appendix E (Normative) Washing test ... 62
Appendix F (Normative) Test method for flammability ... 63
Appendix G (Normative) Test method for flame retardancy of wire ... 65
References ... 67
Lithium ion cells and batteries used in portable electronic
equipment - Safety technical specification
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements and test methods for lithium ion cells
and batteries used in portable electronic equipment.
This document applies to lithium ion cells and batteries used in portable electronic
equipment (hereinafter referred to as cells and batteries). Examples of portable
electronic equipment within the scope of this document are as follows:
a) portable office products: laptops, tablets, etc.;
b) mobile communication products: mobile phones, cordless phones, walkie-talkies,
etc.;
c) portable audio/video products: portable TV sets, portable audio/video players,
cameras, video cameras, recording pens, Bluetooth headsets, portable speakers,
etc.;
d) other portable products: electronic navigators, digital photo frames, game
consoles, e-books, power banks, portable energy storage power supplies, portable
projectors, wearable devices, etc.
This document may apply, as a reference, to lithium ion cells and batteries for similar
purposes to the examples above.
There may be additional requirements for lithium ion cells or batteries for portable
electronic equipment used in specific occasions such as vehicles, ships, and aircraft, as
well as in special fields such as medical treatment, mining, and submarine operations.
This document does not apply to lithium ion cells and batteries for electronic cigarettes.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of
their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references,
the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 2423.5, Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Ea and guidance:
Shock
GB/T 2423.10, Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Fc: Vibration
(sinusoidal)
GB/T 2423.21, Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test M: Low air
pressure
GB/T 2423.22, Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests methods - Test N: Change of
temperature
GB 4943.1-2022, Audio/video, information and communication technology
equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB/T 5169.5-2020, Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 5:
Test flames - Needle-flame test method - Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement
and guidance
GB/T 5330-2003, Industrial woven metal wire cloth (square opening series)
GB/T 6005-2008, Test sieves - Metal wire cloth perforated metal plate and
electroformed sheet - Nominal sizes of openings
GB/T 17626.2, Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques
- Electrostatic discharge immunity test
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1
Lithium ion cell
A device – designed to be rechargeable – that realizes the mutual conversion of
chemical energy and electrical energy by relying on the movement of lithium ions
between the positive and negative electrodes.
Note: The device includes electrodes, diaphragms, electrolytes, containers and
terminals, etc.
3.2
Lithium ion battery
A ready-to-use assembly consisting of any number of lithium ion batteries including a
protective circuit.
Note 1: The protective circuit may either be independent, or in the charger or electronic
product (including its accessories). For the test of the protective circuit in the
charger or electronic product (including its accessories), see Chapter 11.
Note 2: The lithium ion battery may also contain components or materials such as
packaging materials, connectors, and protective devices.
3.3
Portable electronic equipment
A mobile electronic product – not exceeding 18 kg – that is intended to be frequently
carried by users.
3.4
Hand-held electronic equipment
Portable electronic equipment that is intended to be held in the hand during normal use.
3.5
User replaceable battery
A lithium ion battery – allowing direct user replacement – that is u...