GB/T 23821-2022 English PDF (GBT23821-2022)

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GB/T 23821-2022: Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
GB/T 23821-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.110
CCS J 09
GB/T 23821-2022 / ISO 13857:2019
Replacing GB/T 23821-2009
Safety of Machinery – Safety Distances to Prevent
Hazard Zones being Reached by Upper and Lower Limbs
(ISO 13857:2019, IDT)
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 08, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: NOVEMBER 08, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 7
2 Normative References ... 8
3 Terms and Definitions ... 8
4 Safety Distances to Prevent Reach or Access by Upper and Lower Limbs ... 9
4.1 General ... 9
4.1.1 Assumptions ... 9
4.1.2 Risk assessment ... 9
4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs ... 10
4.2.1 Reaching upwards ... 10
4.2.2 Reaching over protective structures ... 11
4.2.3 Reaching around... 13
4.2.4 Reaching through openings ... 14
4.2.5 Effect of additional protective structures on safety distances ... 17
4.3 Safety distances to prevent access by lower limbs ... 18
4.4 Consideration of whole body access ... 19
Annex A (Informative) Use of Tables 1 and 2 with Intermediate Values ... 21
Annex B (Informative) Distances to Impede Free Access by Lower Limbs ... 25
Bibliography ... 27
Foreword
This Document was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for
Standardization – Part 1: Rules for the Structure and Drafting of Standardizing Documents.
This Document replaced GB/T 23821-2009 Safety of Machinery - Safety Distances to Prevent
Hazard Zones being Reached by Upper and Lower Limbs. Compared with GB/T 23821-2009,
the major technical changes of this Document are as follows besides the structural adjustments
and editorial modifications:
a) Add the term and definition of “reference plane” (see 3.2 of this Edition);
b) Change the requirements for the risk assessment (4.1.2 of this Edition; 4.1.2 of 2009
Edition);
c) Change the requirements for preventing hazard zones being reached over protective
structures (see 4.2.2 of this Edition; 4.2.2 of 2009 Edition);
d) Add the requirements for whole body access to (hazard zones) (see 4.4 of this Edition).
This Document equivalently adopts ISO 13857:2019 Safety of Machinery – Safety Distances to
Prevent Hazard Zones being Reached by Upper and Lower Limbs. Compared with ISO
13857:2019, this Document made the following editorial modifications:
--- Modify the editorial errors in ISO 13857:2019; change the “height of hazard zone α”,
“height of protective structure b” and “horizontal safety distance to hazard zone c” in
Figures A.1, A.2 and A.3 into “height of the point of the hazard zone which is nearest to
the area of upper limb reach hh”, “height of protective structure hps” and “horizontal
safety distance of the pint of the hazard zone which is nearest to the area of upper limb
reach sh”, respectively.
Please note some contents of this Document may involve patents. The issuing agency of this
Document shall not assume the responsibility to identify these patents.
This Document was proposed by and under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee
on Machinery Safety of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 208).
Drafting organizations of this Document: Nantong Wealth Machinery Technical Co., Ltd.;
RHINE Precision Alloy (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.; Guangdong Liwang High-Tech Co., Ltd.; Ningbo
Vichnet Technology Co., Ltd.; Sicher Elevator Co., Ltd.; Liyang Elevator Engineering Co., Ltd.;
Center Testing International Group Co., Ltd.; Yongkang Weige Industrial and Trading Co., Ltd.;
Jinhua Xinhui Automation Equipment Co., Ltd.; Zhejiang Aopeng Industry and Trading Co.,
Ltd.; China Productivity Center for Machinery; Nanjing Forestry University; Pilz Electronics
(Changzhou) Co., Ltd.; Suzhou Angao Intelligent Security Technology Co., Ltd.; Nanjing
University of Science and Technology; Sichuan Shuxing Youchuang Security Technology Co.,
Safety of Machinery – Safety Distances to Prevent
Hazard Zones being Reached by Upper and Lower Limbs
1 Scope
This document establishes values for safety distances in both industrial and non-industrial
environments to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached. The safety distances are
appropriate for protective structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free
access by the lower limbs (see Annex B).
This document covers people of 14 years and older (the 5th percentile stature of 14-year-olds is
approximately 1 400 mm). In addition, for upper limbs only, it provides information for children
older than 3 years (the 5th percentile stature of 3-year-olds is approximately 900 mm) where
reaching through openings needs to be addressed.
NOTE 1: It is not practical to specify safety distances for all persons. Therefore, the values presented are
intended to cover the 95th percentile of the population.
Data for preventing lower limb access for children is not considered in this Document.
The distances apply when sufficient risk reduction can be achieved by distance alone. Because
safety distances depend on size, some people of extreme dimensions will still be able to reach
hazard zones even when the requirements of this document are met.
Compliance with the requirements in this document will prevent access to the hazard zone.
Nevertheless, the user of this document is advised that it does not provide the required risk
reduction for every hazard (e.g., hazards related to machine emissions such as ionizing radiation,
heat sources, noise, dust).
The clauses covering lower limbs apply on their own only when access by the upper limbs to
the same hazard zone is not foreseeable according to the risk assessment.
The safety distances are intended to protect those persons trying to reach hazard zones under
the conditions specified (see 4.1.1).
NOTE 2: This document is not intended to provide measures against reaching a hazard zone by climbing
over (see GB/T 8196-2018, 5.18).
4 Safety Distances to Prevent Reach or Access by Upper and
Lower Limbs
4.1 General
4.1.1 Assumptions
The safety distances in this document have been derived by making the following assumptions:
— the protective structures and any openings in them retain their shape and position;
— safety distances are measured from the surface restricting the body or the relevant part
of the body;
— the body is forced over protective structures or through openings in an attempt to reach
the hazard zone;
— there is some contact with the reference plane while wearing shoes (use of high-soled
shoes, climbing and jumping are not included);
— no aids such as chairs or ladders are used to change the reference plane;
— no aids such as rods or tools are used to extend the natural reach of the upper limbs.
4.1.2 Risk assessment
4.1.2.1 General
Safety distances are determined if the hazard to be considered has been identified as significant
(see GB/T 15706-2012, 3.8). All reasonably foreseeable access means shall be taken into
account. When the possibility of access or the variety of hazard zones requires the application
of more than one table, all safety distances shall be taken into account. When more than one
safety distance is determined for the same means of access, the greatest safety distance shall be
applied.
The safety distances, sr, given in Table 7 apply to persons reaching through openings using the
lower limbs in an attempt to re...