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GB/T 42729-2023 English PDF (GBT42729-2023)

GB/T 42729-2023 English PDF (GBT42729-2023)

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GB/T 42729-2023: Guidelines for safety use of lithium ion cells and batteries
GB/T 42729-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.220.99
CCS K 82
Guidelines for safety use of lithium ion cells and batteries
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 06, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 01, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation.
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Possible dangers ... 9
4.1 Overview ... 9
4.2 Liquid leakage ... 9
4.3 Overheat ... 10
4.4 Electric shock ... 10
4.5 Fire ... 11
4.6 Explosion ... 11
5 Recommendations for equipment manufacturers ... 11
5.1 Protection function management ... 11
5.2 Voltage management ... 12
5.3 Current management ... 14
5.4 Temperature management ... 15
5.5 Series and parallel management of batteries ... 18
5.6 Communication management ... 18
5.7 Battery installation and protection ... 19
6 Recommendations for end product users ... 19
6.1 Charging and discharging ... 19
6.2 Long-term storage ... 20
6.3 Prevention of abnormal situations ... 20
6.4 Exception handling ... 21
7 Recommendations for maintenance personnel ... 21
7.1 General conditions ... 21
7.2 Prevention of abnormal situations ... 21
7.3 Exception handling ... 22
References ... 24
Guidelines for safety use of lithium ion cells and batteries
1 Scope
This document provides safety guidance and suggestions during the use of lithium-ion
cells and battery packs; provides relevant information about possible dangers that
lithium-ion cells and battery pack manufacturers provide to users.
This document applies to the use of lithium-ion cells and battery packs.
2 Normative references
This document does not have normative references.
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1
Lithium ion cell
A device, that relies on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and
negative electrodes, to convert chemical energy into electrical energy; it is designed
to be rechargeable.
Note: The device includes electrodes, separators, electrolytes, containers, terminals, etc.
3.2
Module
Configurations with multiple cells connected in series or parallel, which may or may
not have protective devices [such as fuses or positive temperature coefficient
thermistors (PTC)] and monitoring circuits.
[Source: IEC 62619: 2017, 3.9]
3.3
Battery pack
An energy storage device, which is electrically connected by one or more batteries
or modules.
Note 1: It may include protection and monitoring devices, that provide information (such as
battery voltage) to the battery system.
Note 2: It may include a protective cover, which is provided by the terminal or other
interconnection device.
[Source: IEC 62619: 2017, 3.10]
3.4
Battery protection circuit module; PCM
Battery management unit; BMU
Battery management system; BMS
A circuit board, circuit module or electronic system, which has the core function of
controlling the charging and discharging behavior of the battery pack, to protect
battery safety.
Note 1: Usually in simple portable product applications, a separate battery protection circuit
module is used to protect the battery. In the component modules in complex battery pack
systems, the battery management unit is used to manage the batteries in the module. In
complex battery pack systems such as new energy vehicle power battery packs, the battery
management system is used to manage and protect the batteries.
Note 2: A complex battery management system may include battery voltage, temperature
and current measurement, energy balance, power (SOC) calculation and display, abnormal
alarm, charge and discharge management, communication, etc.
3.5
Battery
Battery system
A system consisting of one or more cells, modules or battery packs. It has a battery
management system. If overcharge, overcurrent, over-discharge or overheat occur,
the battery management system will take action.
Note 1: If the battery manufacturer and the user reach an agreement, over-discharge cut-off
is not mandatory.
Note 2: It can include cooling or heating devices; some even include charge and discharge
modules and inverter modules.
- Leakage of electrolyte inside the cell due to bulging, deflation, etc.;
- Leakage of electrolyte inside the cell due to extrusion, wear, etc.
4.3 Overheat
4.3.1 Overview
Overheat may directly cause burns to the human body, OR cause the insulation level of
equipment to decrease and the performance of safety components to decrease, OR ignite
flammable liquids.
4.3.2 Causes
Including but not limited to the following situations:
- The cooling and heat dissipation functions of the cell fail;
- Increased current due to cell failure;
- The ambient temperature of the cell is too high;
- Failure of the protection function causes the cell to heat up abnormally.
4.4 Electric shock
4.4.1 Overview
The physiological response, which is caused by electric shock, depends on the size and
duration of the current value, as well as its path through the human body, which directly
harms the human body.
Voltages exceeding a DC value of 60 V are considered hazardous voltages.
Note: For products with inverter function that can output AC voltage, see GB 4943.1 for the
electric shock hazard.
4.4.2 Causes
Including but not limited to the following situations:
- Contact with exposed parts, that normally carry hazardous voltages;
- The insulation -- between parts with dangerous voltages under normal
circumstances and accessible conductive parts -- is broken down;
- Contact current flowing from parts carrying hazardous voltages to accessible parts.
4.5 Fire
4.5.1 Overview
A fire may directly burn the human body, OR cause a fire hazard to the equipment,
AND may produce harmful gases that affect human health.
4.5.2 Causes
Including but not limited to the following situations:
- Too much heat energy accumulates inside the cell, meanwhile the temperature
reaches the ignition point of internal flammable materials;
- Combustible gas accumulates inside the cell, meanwhile the temperature reaches
its ignition point;
- Burning of external parts of the cell may ignite the cell or battery pack.
4.6 Explosion
4.6.1 Overview
When an explosion occurs, the components or parts are ejected, which may directly
harm the human body or damage the equipment.
4.6.2 Causes
Including but not limited to the following situations:
- Excessive heat energy and gas accumulation inside the cell, meanwhile the internal
pressure exceeds the endurance of the casing;
- Overheat of the outside of the cell and other factors cause a large amount of heat
or gas to be generated inside the cell, meanwhile the internal pressure exceeds the
capacity of the casing.
5 Recommendations for equipment manufacturers
5.1 Protection function management
It should use a battery pack, which is equipped with PCM/BMU/BMS.
When using batteries and battery packs, which are not equipped with battery protection
Where:
I1 - Maximum charging current of cell, in Ampere (A);
I2 - Over current for charge protection of battery pack, in Ampere (A);
I3 - Maximum charging current of battery pack, in Ampere (A);
I4 - The equipment's continuous charging input current to the cell/battery pack, in Amperes
(A);
I5 - Continuous...
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