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GB/T 3310-2023 English PDF (GBT3310-2023)

GB/T 3310-2023 English PDF (GBT3310-2023)

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GB/T 3310-2023: Ultrasonic testing method of copper and copper alloy bars
GB/T 3310-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.040.20
CCS H 26
Replacing GB/T 3310-2010
Ultrasonic testing method of copper and copper alloy bars
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 27, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 01, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Method principle ... 6
5 General requirements ... 6
6 Instruments and equipment ... 7
7 Selection of testing type ... 7
8 Comparison test blocks ... 8
9 Testing steps ... 10
10 Defect assessment ... 11
11 Quality grades... 12
12 Testing reports ... 13
Ultrasonic testing method of copper and copper alloy bars
1 Scope
This document describes the methods for ultrasonic testing of copper and copper alloy
bars. The content includes method principles, general requirements, instruments and
equipment, selection of testing types, comparison test blocks, testing steps, defect
assessment, quality grades, and testing reports.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of circular, rectangular, square and
regular hexagonal copper and copper alloy bars (hereinafter referred to as "bars") with
a diameter of not less than 10 mm by the Type A pulse longitudinal wave reflection
method.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 9445, Non-destructive testing -- Qualification and certification of NDT
personnel
GB/T 12604.1-2020, Non-destructive testing -- Terminology -- Ultrasonic testing
JB/T 10061, Commonly used specification for A-mode ultrasonic flaw detector using
pulse echo technique
JB/T 10062, Testing methods for performance of probes used in ultrasonic flaw
detection
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 12604.1-
2020 as well as the followings apply.
3.1 contact method
A testing method that uses one or more ultrasonic probes to directly contact the
workpiece to be tested for scanning.
3.2 immersion method
A testing method in which both the object under test and the ultrasonic probe are
immersed in a liquid used as a couplant or refractive prism.
3.3 6 dB drop method
A method that moves the probe from the position where the maximum echo amplitude
is obtained until the echo amplitude is reduced to half of it (a drop of 6 dB), and uses
this moving range to evaluate the size of the reflector.
[Source: GB/T 12604.1-2020, 6.8.17, modified]
4 Method principle
The high-frequency electrical pulse generated by the ultrasonic flaw detector is applied
to the probe chip, causing the chip to vibrate at high frequencies and produce
electroacoustic conversion. The ultrasonic wave generated by the probe chip is
transmitted to the workpiece to be tested through the coupling medium. When the
ultrasonic wave propagates in the workpiece and encounters the interface of media with
different acoustic impedances (such as defects or bottom surfaces), it is reflected and
returns to the probe chip. After another electroacoustic conversion by the chip, the
sound energy is converted into electrical energy. The signal is received and processed
by the instrument. The depth and size of the flaw are displayed on the flaw detector
display.
5 General requirements
5.1 Ultrasonic testing personnel shall be trained in accordance with the requirements of
GB/T 9445 and obtain an ultrasonic testing technology level qualification certificate
issued by the relevant national authorized department. Only those who have obtained
the technical qualification certificate of appraisal level II or above (including level II)
can be qualified to issue testing reports.
5.2 The surface roughness Ra of the bar being tested shall not be greater than 6.3 μm.
There shall be no scale, rust, oil, etc. that would affect the testing.
5.3 Under the specified testing sensitivity conditions, the signal-to-noise ratio of the bar
being detected shall not be less than 6 dB.
5.4 To ensure the accuracy and stability of the test results, the test site shall not be
located in an environment with strong magnetism, vibration, high frequency, sparks,
etc.
5.5 The coupling agent used in the immersion method shall be bubble-free, impurity-
free, and clean tap water. The coupling agent used in the contact method shall have
good sound transmission, and usually uses engine oil, chemical paste, glycerin, water
glass, etc.
6 Instruments and equipment
6.1 Flaw detector
Type A pulse reflection ultrasonic flaw detector shall comply with the requirements of
JB/T 10061.
6.2 Probe
6.2.1 The performance test of the probe for ultrasonic testing shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of JB/T 10062.
6.2.2 The probe used for contact method testing uses a single crystal straight probe or
a dual crystal straight probe. The frequency is 0.5 MHz~5 MHz.
6.2.3 The probe used for immersion testing uses a longitudinal wave line focusing probe
or a point focusing probe. The frequency is 5 MHz~10 MHz.
6.2.4 The probe element diameter (or diagonal) is 6 mm~25 mm.
6.3 Transmission equipment
6.3.1 The base and probe holder of the immersion probe shall be able to conveniently
and reliably adjust the distance of the water layer and the incident angle of the ultrasonic
wave, as well as the concentricity between the probe and the transmission equipment.
If necessary, floating tracking devices can be used.
6.3.2 The transmission equipment can be such that the probe rotates and the bar moves
forward in a straight line. It can also be that the probe does not move and the bar rotates
forward.
6.3.3 The transmission equipment shall run at a constant speed to ensure that the relative
displacement speed between the probe and the bar is stable during the testing process.
7 Selection of testing type
The dual crystal straight probe contact method and the single crystal straight probe
contact method are generally tested by manual scanning. Immersion method testing
shall be carried out automatically on transmission equipment. The selection of testing
types is shown in Table 1.
9 Testing steps
9.1 Adjustment of testing sensitivity
9.1.1 When testing by the liquid immersion method, the distance between the water
layer and the perpendicularity between the ultrasonic sound beam and the axial
direction of the bar must be correctly adjusted so that the ultrasonic sound beam can
enter the bar vertically. First, place the probe above the artificial defect in the flat-
bottomed hole with a burial depth of 0.5D in the comparison test block shown in Table
1 and Figure 1, which has the same diameter as the bar being tested. Move the probe so
that the reflected wave is the highest. At the same time, adjust the instrument gain knob
so that the reflected wave height is 80% of the full amplitude. Then move the probe
above the artificial defect of the flat-bottomed hole with a burial depth of 0.75D. Also
set the reflected wave height to 80% of the full width. The difference between the two
attenuator readings is less than 2 dB. At this point, the testing sensitivity has been
adjusted.
9...
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