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GB/T 13305-2008 English PDF (GBT13305-2008)
GB/T 13305-2008 English PDF (GBT13305-2008)
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GB/T 13305-2008: Micrographic method for determining area content of the α-phases in stainless steels
GB/T 13305-2008
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.040.99
H 24
GB/T13305-2008
Replacing GB/T 13305-1991, GB/T 6401-1986
Micrographic method for determining area
content of the α-phases in stainless steels
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 19, 2008
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2009
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative reference ... 5
3 Specimen selection and preparation ... 5
4 Methods for determining area content of α-phase ... 8
5 Test report ... 10
Annex A (normative) Metallographic atlas of area content of α-phase in
austenitic stainless steels ... 11
Annex B (normative) Metallographic atlas of area content of α-phase in
ferritic-austenitic stainless steels ... 14
Foreword
This Standard is the integrated revision of the two standards: GB/T 6401-1986
“Micrographic method for determining area fraction of the α-phases using
charts in ferritic-austenitic stainless steels” and GB/T 13305-1991 “Austenitic
stainless steels - Determination of area content of the α-phase - Micrographic
method using standard diagrams”.
This Standard replaces GB/T 6401-1986 and GB/T 13305-1991.
Compared with GB/T 13305-1991 and GB/T 6401-1986, the main changes of
this Standard are as follows:
- The standard name is modified to: micrographic method for determining
area content of the α-phases in stainless steels;
- 3.1, ADD “The specimen shall be cut mechanically in the cold state. If it is
cut by gas cutting or hot cutting, the metal melting zone, plastic deformation
zone and heat affected zone must be completely removed. The distance
between the cutting surface and the test surface depends on the cutting
method, generally not less than 0.5 mm”;
- 3.2, ADD “c) Ferric chloride hydrochloric acid aqueous solution” and “d)
NaOH or KOH electrolyte”;
- 4.1.2, ADD the micrographic method for determining area content of α-
phases in ferritic-austenitic stainless steels;
- ADD “4.2 Metallographic image software quantitative analysis method”;
- 5, ADD “Test method selected by c”.
Annex A and Annex B of this Standard are normative annexes.
This Standard was proposed by China Iron and Steel Industry Association.
This Standard is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Steel
of Standardization Administration of China.
Drafting organizations of this Standard: Central Iron and Steel Research
Institute, Northeast Special Steel Group Co., Ltd. (Dalian), China Metallurgical
Information and Standardization Institute.
Drafters of this Standard: Li Jikang, Liu Zhenmao, Luan Yan.
The previous released versions replaced by this Standard are as follows:
Micrographic method for determining area
content of the α-phases in stainless steels
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the specimen selection and preparation, determination
methods and test report of the determination of area content of α-phases in
stainless steels by micrographic method.
This Standard applies to the determination of area content of α-phases in
austenitic stainless steels and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels by
micrographic method.
2 Normative reference
The following documents contain the provisions which, through reference in this
Standard, become the provisions of this Standard. For dated references, their
subsequent amendments (excluding corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to
this Standard. However, the parties who enter into agreement based on this
Standard are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these
documents are applicable. For undated reference documents, the latest
versions apply to this Standard.
GB/T 18876.1 Standard practice for determining the metallographical
constituent and inclusion content of steels and other metals by automatic
image analysis - Part 1: Determining the inclusion or second-phase
constituent content of steels and other metals by automatic image analysis
and stereology
3 Specimen selection and preparation
3.1 Sampling method
The specimen is cut from the steel (or billet) in the delivery state. The sampling
position and quantity shall be specified according to the corresponding product
standards or technical conditions. The test surface of the specimen is parallel
to the longitudinal section of the steel (or billet), and one side must coincide
with the axis of the steel (or billet).
The specimen shall be cut mechanically in the cold state. If it is cut by gas
Freshly prepare the solution and etch for a few minutes. Austenite is not
etched and maintain white bright color, and α-phase is dyed red to tan.
b) Copper sulfate hydrochloric acid aqueous solution:
4 g of copper sulfate (CuSO4 · 5H2O); 20 mL of hydrochloric acid; 20 mL
of water.
c) Ferric chloride hydrochloric acid aqueous solution:
5 g of ferric chloride; 100 mL of hydrochloric acid; 100 mL of ethanol; 100
mL of water.
The specimen is etched at room temperature and then heated to 500 °C
~ 600 °C. The corrosion surface is yellow, and α-phase is dyed reddish
brown.
d) For electrolytic corrosion, the following electrolytes are recommended:
10 g of oxalic acid, 100 mL of water. The voltage during corrosion is 3 V ~
12 V, and the duration is 15 s ~ 45 s.
20 g of NaOH or KOH, 100 mL of water. The voltage during corrosion is 3
V ~ 12 V, and the duration is 5 s ~ 20 s.
The specimen may also be etched by other methods.
4 Methods for determining area content of α-phase
The qualified range of percentage area content of α-phase in stainless steels
shall be specified according to the corresponding product standards or
technical conditions.
4.1 Standard rating chart comparison method
4.1.1 Determination of area content of α-phase in austenitic stainless
steels
Place the specimen under the bright field of the metallographic microscope, first
fully observe the entire test surface at a lower magnification, to select the field
of view with the most serious area content of α-phase on the test surface. In
the determination, the field of view with the most serious area content of α-
phase on the test surface is compared with the standard rating pictures and
rated, to determine the area content of α-phase. The magnification of the
microscope can be 280 to 320 times. At the time of arbitration, the magnification
of the microscope is 300 times and the actual field of view diameter is 0.267
series. If it is not specified in the corresponding product standards or technical
conditions, one of the two series can be selected for comparison determination
according to the morphology and distribution of α-phase. There are respectively
9 pictures in the two standard series. The percentage area content of α-phase
of each picture in the order is specified to be 35 % to 75 %, with an interval of
5 % (see Annex B).
In the determination, compare with the standard series pictures, and the
allowable error of the percentage area content of α-phase is determined to be
±2.5 % (absolute value) according to the image closest to the observation field
of view.
4.2 Metallographic image quantitative analysis method
It may use a quantitative metallographic image analysis software to determine
the area content of α-phase. The specific determination method is carried out
according to 4.1 and GB/...
Get QUOTATION in 1-minute: Click GB/T 13305-2008
Historical versions: GB/T 13305-2008
Preview True-PDF (Reload/Scroll if blank)
GB/T 13305-2008: Micrographic method for determining area content of the α-phases in stainless steels
GB/T 13305-2008
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.040.99
H 24
GB/T13305-2008
Replacing GB/T 13305-1991, GB/T 6401-1986
Micrographic method for determining area
content of the α-phases in stainless steels
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 19, 2008
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2009
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative reference ... 5
3 Specimen selection and preparation ... 5
4 Methods for determining area content of α-phase ... 8
5 Test report ... 10
Annex A (normative) Metallographic atlas of area content of α-phase in
austenitic stainless steels ... 11
Annex B (normative) Metallographic atlas of area content of α-phase in
ferritic-austenitic stainless steels ... 14
Foreword
This Standard is the integrated revision of the two standards: GB/T 6401-1986
“Micrographic method for determining area fraction of the α-phases using
charts in ferritic-austenitic stainless steels” and GB/T 13305-1991 “Austenitic
stainless steels - Determination of area content of the α-phase - Micrographic
method using standard diagrams”.
This Standard replaces GB/T 6401-1986 and GB/T 13305-1991.
Compared with GB/T 13305-1991 and GB/T 6401-1986, the main changes of
this Standard are as follows:
- The standard name is modified to: micrographic method for determining
area content of the α-phases in stainless steels;
- 3.1, ADD “The specimen shall be cut mechanically in the cold state. If it is
cut by gas cutting or hot cutting, the metal melting zone, plastic deformation
zone and heat affected zone must be completely removed. The distance
between the cutting surface and the test surface depends on the cutting
method, generally not less than 0.5 mm”;
- 3.2, ADD “c) Ferric chloride hydrochloric acid aqueous solution” and “d)
NaOH or KOH electrolyte”;
- 4.1.2, ADD the micrographic method for determining area content of α-
phases in ferritic-austenitic stainless steels;
- ADD “4.2 Metallographic image software quantitative analysis method”;
- 5, ADD “Test method selected by c”.
Annex A and Annex B of this Standard are normative annexes.
This Standard was proposed by China Iron and Steel Industry Association.
This Standard is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Steel
of Standardization Administration of China.
Drafting organizations of this Standard: Central Iron and Steel Research
Institute, Northeast Special Steel Group Co., Ltd. (Dalian), China Metallurgical
Information and Standardization Institute.
Drafters of this Standard: Li Jikang, Liu Zhenmao, Luan Yan.
The previous released versions replaced by this Standard are as follows:
Micrographic method for determining area
content of the α-phases in stainless steels
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the specimen selection and preparation, determination
methods and test report of the determination of area content of α-phases in
stainless steels by micrographic method.
This Standard applies to the determination of area content of α-phases in
austenitic stainless steels and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels by
micrographic method.
2 Normative reference
The following documents contain the provisions which, through reference in this
Standard, become the provisions of this Standard. For dated references, their
subsequent amendments (excluding corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to
this Standard. However, the parties who enter into agreement based on this
Standard are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these
documents are applicable. For undated reference documents, the latest
versions apply to this Standard.
GB/T 18876.1 Standard practice for determining the metallographical
constituent and inclusion content of steels and other metals by automatic
image analysis - Part 1: Determining the inclusion or second-phase
constituent content of steels and other metals by automatic image analysis
and stereology
3 Specimen selection and preparation
3.1 Sampling method
The specimen is cut from the steel (or billet) in the delivery state. The sampling
position and quantity shall be specified according to the corresponding product
standards or technical conditions. The test surface of the specimen is parallel
to the longitudinal section of the steel (or billet), and one side must coincide
with the axis of the steel (or billet).
The specimen shall be cut mechanically in the cold state. If it is cut by gas
Freshly prepare the solution and etch for a few minutes. Austenite is not
etched and maintain white bright color, and α-phase is dyed red to tan.
b) Copper sulfate hydrochloric acid aqueous solution:
4 g of copper sulfate (CuSO4 · 5H2O); 20 mL of hydrochloric acid; 20 mL
of water.
c) Ferric chloride hydrochloric acid aqueous solution:
5 g of ferric chloride; 100 mL of hydrochloric acid; 100 mL of ethanol; 100
mL of water.
The specimen is etched at room temperature and then heated to 500 °C
~ 600 °C. The corrosion surface is yellow, and α-phase is dyed reddish
brown.
d) For electrolytic corrosion, the following electrolytes are recommended:
10 g of oxalic acid, 100 mL of water. The voltage during corrosion is 3 V ~
12 V, and the duration is 15 s ~ 45 s.
20 g of NaOH or KOH, 100 mL of water. The voltage during corrosion is 3
V ~ 12 V, and the duration is 5 s ~ 20 s.
The specimen may also be etched by other methods.
4 Methods for determining area content of α-phase
The qualified range of percentage area content of α-phase in stainless steels
shall be specified according to the corresponding product standards or
technical conditions.
4.1 Standard rating chart comparison method
4.1.1 Determination of area content of α-phase in austenitic stainless
steels
Place the specimen under the bright field of the metallographic microscope, first
fully observe the entire test surface at a lower magnification, to select the field
of view with the most serious area content of α-phase on the test surface. In
the determination, the field of view with the most serious area content of α-
phase on the test surface is compared with the standard rating pictures and
rated, to determine the area content of α-phase. The magnification of the
microscope can be 280 to 320 times. At the time of arbitration, the magnification
of the microscope is 300 times and the actual field of view diameter is 0.267
series. If it is not specified in the corresponding product standards or technical
conditions, one of the two series can be selected for comparison determination
according to the morphology and distribution of α-phase. There are respectively
9 pictures in the two standard series. The percentage area content of α-phase
of each picture in the order is specified to be 35 % to 75 %, with an interval of
5 % (see Annex B).
In the determination, compare with the standard series pictures, and the
allowable error of the percentage area content of α-phase is determined to be
±2.5 % (absolute value) according to the image closest to the observation field
of view.
4.2 Metallographic image quantitative analysis method
It may use a quantitative metallographic image analysis software to determine
the area content of α-phase. The specific determination method is carried out
according to 4.1 and GB/...
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