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GB/T 13299-2022 English PDF (GBT13299-2022)

GB/T 13299-2022 English PDF (GBT13299-2022)

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GB/T 13299-2022: Determination of free cementite, pearlite and Widmanstatten structure in steel
GB/T 13299-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.040.99
CCS H 24
Replacing GB/T 13299-1991
Determination of Free Cementite, Pearlite and
Widmanstaten Structure in Steel
ISSUED ON: JULY 11, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: FEBRUARY 1, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5
4 Cutting and Preparation of Specimens ... 6
4.1 Cutting of Specimens ... 6
4.2 Preparation of Specimens ... 10
5 Determination Method of Free Cementite ... 10
5.1 General Principle ... 10
5.2 Comparison Method with Standard Rating Pictures ... 11
5.3 Quantitative Analysis Method with an Image Instrument ... 12
6 Determination Method of Pearlite ... 13
6.1 General Principle ... 13
6.2 Determination Method ... 13
7 Determination Method of Widmanstaten Structure ... 14
7.1 General Principle ... 14
7.2 Determination Method ... 14
8 Test Report ... 15
Appendix A (normative) Standard Rating Pictures of Free Cementite ... 17
Appendix B (informative) An Example of Quantitative Analysis of Cementite in SPCC
Steel ... 26
Appendix C (normative) Standard Rating Pictures of Pearlite ... 31
Appendix D (normative) Standard Rating Pictures of Widmanstaten Structure ... 40
Bibliography ... 46
Foreword
This document was drafted in accordance with the rules provided in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives
for Standardization - Part 1: Rules for the Structure and Drafting of Standardizing Documents.
This document serves as a replacement for GB/T 13299-1991 Steel - Determination of
Microstructure. In comparison with GB/T 13299-1991, apart from structural adjustments and
editorial modifications, the main technical changes are as follows:
---Terms and definitions are added (see Chapter 3);
---The cutting and preparation of specimens are added (see Chapter 4);
---The magnification “400 times (360 ~ 450 times allowed)” for the determination of free
cementite and pearlite is modified into “500 times”; the magnification “100 times (95
~ 110 times allowed)” for the determination of Widmanstaten structure is modified into
“100 times” (see 5.2, 6.2 and 7.2; 4.1 of Version 1991);
---The principle of dividing different series of free cementite is modified (see 5.2.3; 5.1 of
Version 1991);
---The dimensional requirements of free cementite and pearlite rating series are modified
(see Table 1 and Table 2; Table 1 and Table 2 of Version 1991);
---The relevant content of the determination method of banded structure is deleted (see 5.3
and A3 in Appendix A of Version 1991);
---The relevant content of the quantitative analysis method of the image instrument for the
determination of free cementite is added (see 5.3);
---The requirements for the recording of the contents “serial No. of this document,
specimen status, test date and tester’s name” are added (see Chapter 8);
---The standard rating pictures of free cementite and pearlite are modified: the pictures
with a magnification of 400 times are modified into pictures with a magnification of
500 times (see Appendix A and Appendix C; A1 and A2 in Appendix A of Version 1991).
Please be noted that certain content of this document may involve patents. The institution
issuing this document does not undertake the responsibility of identifying these patents.
This document was proposed by China Iron and Steel Association.
This document shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee 183 on Steel of
Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 183).
The drafting organizations of this document: Shanxi TAIGANG Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.;
SHOUGANG Group Co., Ltd.; China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute;
Determination of Free Cementite, Pearlite and
Widmanstaten Structure in Steel
1 Scope
This document specifies the methods of the cutting, preparation and determination of free
cementite, pearlite and Widmanstaten structure specimens in steel.
This document is applicable to the determination of free cementite, pearlite and Widmanstaten
structure in low-carbon and medium-carbon steel plates, steel strips and steel rods (billets). For
other steel types, this document may be taken as a reference.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in this text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 13298 Inspection Methods of Microstructure for Metals
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 Ferrite
Ferrite refers to -Fe solid solution containing alloying elements.
[source: GB/T 30067-2013, 2.2.247]
3.2 Pearlite
When the carbon content in iron-carbon alloy is greater than 0.025% and less than 6.67%, a
metastable microstructure formed when local regions in austenite tend to be eutectoid. This
structure is formed by slow cooling in the process of eutectoid transformation, which is an
alternating lamellar structure formed by ferrite and cementite.
[source: GB/T 30067-2013, 2.2.348]
3.3 Free Cementite
Free cementite refers to granular cementite that exists independently on the ferrite matrix or
grain boundaries.
NOTE: the free cementite in low-carbon annealed steel with a carbon content of no more than 0.15%
is mainly a product of pearlite transformation, and a small amount of tertiary cementite
may also exist; the free cementite in ultra-low carbon steel (with a carbon content of less
than 0.02%) is tertiary cementite.
3.4 Pearlite Colony
Pearlite colony refers to a bounded aggregate of sheets of the same phase with the same
orientation.
[source: GB/T 30067-2013, 2.2.349]
3.5 Widmanstaten Structure
Widmanstaten structure refers to a structure, in which, pearlite exists, in hypoeutectoid steel,
when proeutectoid ferrite grows from the austenite grain boundary or within the grain along a
certain grain plane of the austenite, and precipitates in the form of needles.
[source: GB/T 30067-2013, 2.2.268, modified]
4 Cutting and Preparation of Specimens
4.1 Cutting of Specimens
4.1.1 Cutting positions
Under general circumstances, the specimens shall be cut from the steel (or intermediate billet)
in the delivery state; the sampling method and sampling size shall comply with the stipulations
of the product standards or technical conditions. If there is no special stipulation, the inspection
surface of free cementite and pearlite specimens shall be parallel to the longitudinal axis of steel
strips, steel plates and steel rods (billets); the inspection surface of Widmanstaten structure
specimen shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of steel strips, steel plates and steel
rods (billets). See the suggested specific sampling positions and methods in Figure 1 ~ Figure
6 (in which, Position A is applicable to the sampling of Widmanstaten structure specimen;
Position B is applicable to the sampling of free cementite and pearlite specimens).
4.1.2 Sampling method of steel plate or steel strip
The sampling of steel plate or steel strip is as follows:
a) Steel plate or steel strip with a thi...
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