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GB/T 25078.1-2010 English PDF (GBT25078.1-2010)

GB/T 25078.1-2010 English PDF (GBT25078.1-2010)

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GB/T 25078.1-2010: Acoustics -- Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment -- Part 1: Planning
GB/T 25078.1-2010
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 17.140
A 59
GB/T 25078.1-2010 / ISO/TR 11688-1:1995
Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-
noise machinery and equipment - Part 1: Planning
(ISO/TR 11688-1:1995, IDT)
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 02, 2010
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2011
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Methodical design and acoustic aspects ... 8
5 Conceptual and detailed design ... 11
6 Low-noise prototyping ... 28
7 Final testing ... 30
Annex A (Normative) Summary of design rules ... 31
Annex B (Normative) Noise control requirements for design ... 36
Annex C (Informative) Information to be reported ... 40
Bibliography ... 42
Foreword
GB/T 25078 Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery
and equipment consists of 2 parts:
-- Part 1: planning;
-- Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low noise design.
This Part is Part 1 of GB/T 25078. This Part is identical to ISO/TR 11688-1:1995,
Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment - Part 1: Planning (English version).
For ease of use, this Part makes editorial modifications to ISO/TR 11688-1:1995, and
adds newer references such as the “Noise and Vibration Control Engineering Handbook”
edited by Ma Dayou published in 2002 to the Bibliography.
Annex A and Annex B of this Part are normative.
Annex C of this Part is informative.
This Part is proposed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
This Part shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Acoustics
of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 17).
Drafting organizations of this Part: Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Institute
of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University,
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Changsha Aobang Environmental Protection
Industry Co., Ltd.
Main drafters of this Part: Qiu Xiaojun, Tian Jing, Cheng Mingkun, Yu Wuzhou, Mao
Dongxing, Chen Ke’an, Mo Jianyan.
Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-
noise machinery and equipment - Part 1: Planning
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 25078 is an aid to understanding the basic concepts of noise control
in machinery and equipment.
The recommended practice presented here is intended to assist the designer at any
design stage to control the noise of the final product. Methodical development of
products was chosen as a basis for the structure of this document (see Clause 4).
The list of design rules given in this Part is not exhaustive. Other technical measures
for reducing noise at the design stage may be used if their efficacy is identical or higher.
To solve problems beyond the scope of this Part, the designer can refer to the
bibliography in this Part, which presents the general state of acoustic handbooks at the
time of publication. Furthermore, reference is made to the numerous technical
publications dealing with acoustical problems.
2 Normative references
The terms in the following documents become the terms of this Part by reference to this
Part of GB/T 25078. For dated references, all subsequent amendments (not including
errata content) or revisions do not apply to this Part. However, parties to agreements
that are based on this Part are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these
documents can be used. For undated references, the latest edition applies to this Part.
GB/T 3767-1996, Acoustics - Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noise
Sources Using Sound Pressure - Engineering Method in an Essentially Free Field
over a Reflecting Plane (eqv ISO 3744:1994)
GB/T 3768-1996, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources
using sound pressure - Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface
over a reflecting plane (eqv ISO 3746:1995)
GB/T 14574-2000, Acoustics - Declaration and verification of noise emission values
of machinery and equipment (eqv ISO 4871:1996)
GB/T 16404-1996, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources
using sound intensity - Part 1: Measurement at discrete points (eqv ISO 9614-1:1993)
c) The dominant structure-borne noise transmission paths were those between the
pump and motor and pump and reservoir;
d) The dominant radiating surfaces were those of the electric motor and the reservoir.
The hydraulic pump used in this example is not typical of the equipment currently
available. Replacing the hydraulic pump with one having less structure-borne and
liquid-borne source strengths would have reduced the overall sound power level.
5.3 Control of noise sources
5.3.1 Airborne noise sources
All streaming gases (e.g., air) can cause noise by turbulence, shock and pulsation.
5.3.1.1 Turbulence
Turbulence is a noise generating mechanism which has many different forms.
Turbulence can create pure tone components in flows over a cylinder, such as a chimney
pipe. Tones are also generated by flow over a cavity which is seen for instance in a flute
or in cutters in woodworking machines. In channel flows, noise can be generated by
sharp corners, struts or valves.
Flows with high velocities at the nozzle exit or the tips of fans generate vortices due to
the shear forces in the contact region between the air which is not moving near the
nozzle and the exciting flow. This gives rise to broad band noise. The noise level and
the spectrum of the noise depend on the flow velocity, the viscosity of the medium and
the geometry of the nozzle.
Reductions are achieved by lowering the flow velocity in the contact region. This can
be done by lowering the pressure difference, by using larger diameters or by providing
a bypass flow, e.g., in nozzles or tube exits.
Noise sources are localised by analysing the flow system for possible obstacles.
Reduction is effected by changing diameters of rods, by introducing spoilers on
chimney stacks, by aerodynamic shaping or by reduction of flow velocity.
A fan should be designed to operate with the tip speed as low as possible. Use variable
speed instead of throttling. Too little clearance between rotor and housing can increase
noise generation.
Turbulence behind obstacles is avoided by removing obstacles, by minimising their
number or by aerodynamic shaping (avoid sharp edges).
Changing the geometry of nozzles or valves by using a branched or slit type will
increase the frequency of the generated sound which makes sound absorption and
isolation easier.

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