GB/T 1410-2006 English PDF (GBT1410-2006)

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GB/T 1410-2006: Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid electrical insulating materials
GB/T 1410-2006
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.035.99
K 15
GB/T 1410-2006 / IEC 60093.1980
Replacing GB/T 1410-1989
Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface
resistivity of solid electrical insulating materials
(IEC 60093.1980, IDT)
ISSUED ON. FEBRUARY 15, 2006
IMPLEMENTED ON. JUNE 1, 2006
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration Committee.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 4 
2 Normative references ... 4 
3 Definitions ... 4 
4 Significance ... 6 
5 Power supply ... 7 
6 Measuring methods and accuracy ... 7 
7 Test specimens ... 10 
8 Electrode material ... 11 
9 Specimen handling and mounting ... 13 
10 Conditioning ... 13 
11 Test procedure ... 14 
12 Calculation ... 15 
13 Report ... 16 
Appendix A ... 24 
Appendix B ... 28 
Appendix C ... 29 
Foreword
This Standard is equivalent to adopt IEC 60093.1980 Methods of test for
volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid electrical insulating materials
(English version).
For ease of use, this Standard makes the following editorial changes.
a) Deleted Contents and Foreword of the international standard;
b) Used “.” to replace the “,” that is acted as decimal point;
c) Used “ρY” to replace “ρ”, “ρs” to replace “δ”;
d) Marked figures according to GB/T 1.1-2000.
Compared with GB/T 1410-1989, the main changes of this Standard are as
follows.
a) Added “Normative references” (Clause 2 of this Standard);
b) Added Test voltage range (Clause 5 of this Standard);
c) Used “medium value” to replace “geometric mean” in test results.
This Standard replaces GB/T 1410-1989 Methods of test for volume resistivity
and surface resistivity of solid electrical insulating materials.
Appendix A, Appendix B and Appendix C of this Standard are informative.
This Standard was proposed by National Technical Committee on Insulating
Material of Standardization Administration of China.
Drafting organization of this Standard. Guilin Electrical Appliance Scientific
Research Institute.
Main drafters of this Standard. Wang Xianfeng, and Gu Xiaoli.
This Standard replaces the following previous standards.
- GB/T 1410-1978;
- GB/T 1410-1989.
Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface
resistivity of solid electrical insulating materials
1 Scope
This Standard specifies methods of test for volume resistivity and surface
resistivity of solid electrical insulating materials. These methods of test cover
procedures for the determination of volume and surface resistance and
calculations for the determination of volume and surface resistivity of solid
electrical insulating materials.
Both volume resistance and surface resistance tests are affected by the
following factors. the magnitude and time of voltage application, the nature and
geometry of the electrodes, and the temperature and humidity of the ambient
atmosphere and of the specimens during conditioning and measurement.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain the provisions which, through reference in this
Standard, constitute the provisions of this Standard. For dated references, the
subsequent amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to
this Standard. However, the parties who enter into agreement based on this
Standard are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these
documents are applicable. For undated reference documents, the latest
versions apply to this Standard.
GB/T 10064-2006 Methods of test for the determination of the insulation
resistance of solid insulating materials
GB/T 10580-2003 Standard conditions for use prior to and during the testing
of solid insulating materials
IEC 60260.1968 Test enclosures of non-injection type for constant relative
humidity
3 Definitions
The following definitions apply to this document.
3.1 volume resistance
the quotient of a direct voltage applied between two electrodes placed on two
faces (opposite) of a specimen, and the steady-state current between the
electrodes, excluding current along the surface, and neglecting possible
polarization phenomena at the electrodes
NOTE Unless otherwise specified, the volume resistance is determined after 1 min of
electrification.
3.2 volume resistivity
the quotient of a d.c. electric field strength and the steady-state current density
within an insulating material. In practice it is taken as the volume resistance
reduced to a cubical unit volume
NOTE The SI unit of volume resistivity is Ω·m. In practice the unit Ω·cm is also used.
3.3 surface resistance
the quotient of a direct voltage applied between two electrodes on a surface of
a specimen, and the current between the electrodes at a given time of
electrification, neglecting possible polarization phenomena at the electrodes
NOTE 1 Unless otherwise specified, the surface resistance is determined after 1 min of
electrification.
NOTE 2 The current generally passes mainly through a surface layer of the specimen and any
associated moisture and surface contaminant, but it also includes a component through the
volume of the specimen.
3.4 surface resistivity
the quotient of a d.c. electric field strength, and the linear current density in a
surface layer of an insulating material. In practice it is taken as the surface
resistance reduced to a square area. The size of the square is immaterial
NOTE The SI unit of surface resistivity is Ω. In practice this is sometimes referred to as “ohms
per square”.
3.5 electrodes
measuring electrodes are conductors of defined shape, size and configuration
in contact with the specimen being measured
NOTE Insulation resistance is the quotient of a direct voltage applied between two electrodes
in contact with a specimen and the total current between the electrodes. The insulation
resistance depends on both volume and surface resistivity of the specimen (see GB/T 10064-
2006).
characteristics.
The surface resistance, especially when high, often changes in an erratic
manner, and in general depends strongly on the time of electrification; for
measurements, 1 min of electrification is usually specified.
5 Power supply
A source of very steady direct voltage is required. This may be provided either
by batteries or by a rectified and stabilized power supply. The degree of stability
required is such that the change in current due to any change in voltage is
negligible compared with the current to be measured.
Commonly specified test voltages to be applied to the complete specimen are
100 V, 250 V, 500 V, 1 000 V, 2 500 V, 5 000 V, 10 000 V and 15 000 V. Of these
the most frequently used are 100 V, 500 V and 1 000 V.
In some cases, the specimen resistance depends upon the polarity of the
applied voltage. If the resistance is polarity dependent, this should be indicated.
The geometric (arithmetic mean of the logarithmic exponents) mean of the two
resistance values is taken as the result.
Since the specimen resistance may be voltage dependent, the test voltage
should be stated.
6 Measuring methods and accuracy
6.1 Methods
The methods commonly in use for measuring high resistances are either direct
methods or comparison methods.
The direct methods depend upon simultaneous measurement of the direct
voltage applied to the unknown resistance and the cu...