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GB/T 43101-2023 English PDF (GBT43101-2023)

GB/T 43101-2023 English PDF (GBT43101-2023)

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GB/T 43101-2023: Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Definitions and conventions concerning porosity
GB/T 43101-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 25.220.20; 25.220.40
CCS A 29
Metallic and Other Inorganic Coatings - Definitions and
Conventions Concerning Porosity
(ISO 18332:2007, MOD)
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 7, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 1, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 Test Purpose ... 5
5 Principle ... 5
6 Specimen Rating ... 6
7 Test Report ... 6
Bibliography ... 7
Metallic and Other Inorganic Coatings - Definitions and
Conventions Concerning Porosity
1 Scope
This document defines porosity and its related terms and describes the principle of porosity test
of metallic and other inorganic coatings. This document provides the purpose of porosity test
to help users choose the most suitable test method for their products and applications.
This document is applicable to the test of discontinuities, such as: cracks, micropores, pores or
pits that extend from the surface of the coating to the underlying layer or substrate.
This document is not applicable to corrosion performance evaluation.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 17720 Metallic Coatings - Review of Porosity Tests (GB/T 17720-1999, eqv ISO
10308:1995)
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 porosity
Porosity refers to holes, cracks or other discontinuities (3.3) in the coating that expose the
underlying metal or substrate to the environment.
3.2 pore in a coating
Pore in a coating refers to a circular discontinuity (3.3) on a surface that extends to the
underlying layer or base metal.
NOTE: for the size of the pore, see GB/T 17720.
3.3 discontinuity
Discontinuity refers to an opening in the continuous coating that exposes different underlying
metals.
NOTE: cracks, micropores, pores or pits in the coating are typical openings. The openings can also
be voids and cracks caused by mechanical damage (for example, scratches) or non-
conductive inclusions in the base metal (see GB/T 17720).
3.4 corrosion product
Corrosion product refers to a substance formed due to corrosion.
4 Test Purpose
The main purpose of porosity test is to determine the quality of the coating and identify porosity
of the coating, especially in areas with functional requirements on the main surface, for example,
electric contacts.
In order to test the porosity of metallic and other inorganic coatings, it is necessary to consider
two corrosion methods, namely, electrochemical test and exposure test. Both methods can be
used to identify the existence, distribution and extent of porosity. The chosen test method
depends on the nature of the coating, substrate and underlying layer.
Generally speaking, electrochemical test has an accelerated nature and is performed under
controlled chemical, electrical and physical conditions, with relative short exposure times,
making it ideal for production process control. Exposure test (immersion test, liquid mist test
and gas atmosphere test) usually lasts for a relatively long time, and the exposure form (for
example, static or cyclic) can be selected in accordance with product requirements. This type
of test is especially applicable to product quality appraisal (qualification assessment).
The classification of porosity test shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 17720.
5 Principle
5.1 Electrochemical Test
In electrochemical test, the base metal / cladding layer combination is usually used as the
positive electrode of the electrochemical cell; stainless steel plate or inert conductive material
can be used as the negative electrode. In the electrolyte or conductive medium of filter paper or
gel, add an indicator that can display the base metal ions.
The purpose of this test is to generate dissolution of the base metal by direct application of a
positive polarization voltage. The resulting base metal ions will migrate toward the negative
electrode through conductive paper or gel under an external electric field. The color
development of the indicator and the resulting phase image depends on the degree of porosity
in the coating.
In general, both constant-voltage and constant-current can be used in electrochemical and

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