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GB/T 39951-2021 English PDF (GBT39951-2021)

GB/T 39951-2021 English PDF (GBT39951-2021)

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GB/T 39951-2021: Evaluation method for degradability of disposable paper products
GB/T 39951-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 85.010
Y 30
Evaluation method for degradability of disposable
paper products
ISSUED ON: MARCH 09, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 4 
2 Normative references ... 4 
3 Terms and definitions ... 4 
4 Principle ... 5 
5 Tests... 6 
6 Evaluation rules ... 17 
7 Test report ... 17 
Annex A (informative) Example of biodegradability test system ... 19 
Annex B (normative) Ecotoxicity test ... 20 
Evaluation method for degradability of disposable
paper products
WARNING - Personnel using this Standard shall have practical experience
working in a formal chemical laboratory. This Standard does not point out
all possible safety issues. The user is responsible for taking appropriate
safety and health measures and ensuring compliance with the conditions
stipulated by relevant national laws and regulations.
1 Scope
This Standard specifies evaluation methods for biodegradability, degree of
disintegration and ecotoxicity of disposable paper products under aerobic
composting conditions.
This Standard is applicable to evaluation for degradability of disposable paper
products and raw materials such as diapers (sheets, pads), sanitary napkins
(pads), wet wipes, paper cups, paper tableware, paper bags, paper boxes, pulp
molded products. It is also applicable to paper-based composite materials and
products.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 6682, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test
methods
GB/T 30903, Inorganic chemicals for industrial use - Determination of
impurity element - Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 compost
passing through the 2mm test sieve to the total dry solids.
During ecotoxicity test, the compost obtained after the disintegration of the
specimen is mixed with the reference culture soil in a precise ratio. Place in the
tray. Evaluate the ecotoxicity of the specimen by inspecting the number of
germination of seeds.
5 Tests
5.1 Biodegradability test
5.1.1 Reagents and materials
Unless otherwise specified, the reagents used in this Standard refer to
analytically-pure reagents. Microbiology reagents shall meet the requirements
of microbiology.
5.1.1.1 Water: GB/T6682, grade three.
5.1.1.2 Trace element solution: the solute concentrations are: boric acid:
500mg/L, potassium iodide: 100mg/L, ferric chloride: 200mg/L, manganese
sulfate: 400mg/L, ammonium heptamolybdate: 200mg/L, ferrous sulfate:
400mg/L.
5.1.1.3 Mineral solution: Measure 1mL of calcium chloride solution with a
concentration of 0.1g/L, 1mL of sodium chloride solution with a concentration
of 0.1g/L, 1mL of trace element solution (5.1.1.2). Weigh 1.0g of potassium
dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5g of magnesium sulfate. Use water to set volume
to 1000mL.
5.1.1.4 Compost extract: Use the compost produced in the composting device
such as organic matter in municipal solid waste, garden and farmland waste to
add into water. The mass volume ratio is 1:5. Place for 30min. Use a filter screen
with a pore size of about 1mm or a medium-speed qualitative filter paper to filter
and remove the residue. Or use a centrifuge to centrifuge at 1000r/min for
15min. Or directly use commercial special inoculants for composting. Prepare
according to instructions for use.
5.1.1.5 Inoculum: Measure 500mL of mineral solution (5.1.1.3) and 500mL of
compost extract (5.1.1.4). Mix well. Add 10.0g of peptone, 3.0g of beef dipping
powder, 5.8g of urea, 20.0g of corn starch, 20.0g of cellulose powder.
5.1.1.6 Reference material: Use thin layer chromatography (TLC)
microcrystalline cellulose as a positive control reference material. The particle
size is less than 20μm.
5.1.2.10 High-speed pulverizer: Speed is ≥8000r/min.
5.1.2.11 pH meter: The reading is to the nearest of 0.1 or higher.
5.1.3 Specimen processing
Do not touch the specimen with hands. Wear clean powder-free protective
gloves when processing specimens.
Cut the specimen into small pieces of about 10mm×10mm with scissors. Mix
well. Use the high-speed crusher (5.1.2.10) to crush the fragments into flocs.
Avoid specimen loss during crushing. Prepare three specimens. The weight of
each specimen is within 30g~70g. Try to ensure that each specimen contains
an integer number (pieces) of all the components of the specimen. If the mass
of a single (piece) specimen is greater than 70g, then take 30g~70g of
specimen. Ensure that the specimens taken are representative.
NOTE: Specimens also include powder, granular or other simple shapes.
5.1.4 Test steps
5.1.4.1 Method A: Aerobic composting method
5.1.4.1.1 Determination of total organic carbon content
5.1.4.1.1.1 Total organic carbon content of specimen
According to the instructions for use of the total organic carbon analyzer
(5.1.2.9), preheat and calibrate. Prepare another specimen according to 5.1.3.
Use a balance to take 50mg~100mg (depending on the test range and accuracy
of the instrument), to the nearest of 0.1mg. Put it into the high temperature
resistant specimen cup for testing. Test for 10 times in total. Take the average
of 10 test results as the total organic carbon content of the specimen. The result
is rounded to 0.0001g/g.
5.1.4.1.1.2 Total organic carbon content of reference material
Refer to 5.1.4.1.1.1 to test the total organic carbon content of the reference
material (5.1.1.6). Test twice in total. Take the average value as the total organic
carbon content of the reference material. The result is rounded to 0.0001g/g.
5.1.4.1.2 Test preparation stage
5.1.4.1.2.1 Preparation of activated vermiculite
Mix the vermiculite (5.1.1.7) with the inoculum (5.1.1.5) at a ratio of 1:3 (mass :
volume). Place it in the vermiculite activation reactor (5.1.2.7). Incubate at
(50±2)°C for 3d~4d. If necessary, use water to make up to the initial mass by
required moisture content by adding water or draining water, passing in wet air
or dry air. If adjustments are made, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted shall
be closely monitored. Compost cultivation until the specimen reaches the
maximum level of biodegradation. The composting cycle generally does not
exceed 6 months. If obvious biological decomposition can be observed, then
the test period shall be extended to the constant plateau stage. If the plateau
stage occurs earlier, that is, when the level of biodegradation no longer
increases, then it can shorten the test cycle and stop the test.
NOTE: If the pH is lower than 7.0, it is because the easily decomposed sample quickly
decomposes to acidify the compost, which will inhibit the biological decomposition of the
material. To prevent acidification, it can increase the amount of compost in all compost
containers. Or decrease the specimen, increase the compost, and repeat the test.
5.1.4.1.4 Carbon dioxide emission test
During the test, regularly use the...
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