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GB/T 39118-2020 English PDF (GBT39118-2020)
GB/T 39118-2020 English PDF (GBT39118-2020)
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GB/T 39118-2020: Safety requirements of optical radiation for laser pointers products
GB/T 39118-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 31.260
L 51
Safety requirements of optical radiation for laser
pointers products
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 11, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Safety classification ... 5
4.1 Overview ... 5
4.2 Classification responsibilities ... 6
4.3 Classification rules ... 6
4.4 Categories ... 7
4.5 Accessible emission limits ... 8
5 Accessible emission and hazard assessment ... 9
5.1 Determination of accessible emission level ... 9
5.2 Hazard assessment... 10
6 Control measures ... 16
6.1 Requirements for manufacturer ... 16
6.2 Requirements for agents ... 20
6.3 Requirements for testing agency... 20
6.4 Requirements for user ... 20
Annex A (informative) Potential hazards of laser pointer light radiation ... 21
Annex B (informative) Calculation examples of MPE and NOHD ... 29
Bibliography ... 33
Safety requirements of optical radiation for laser
pointers products
1 Scope
This Standard specifies safety requirements of optical radiation for laser pointer
for consumer, mainly including safety classification, accessible emission and
hazard assessment as well as control measures.
This Standard is applicable to production, testing, sales and use of laser pointer
for consumer of which the nominal wavelength is within the visible light range
of 400nm~700nm (hereinafter referred to as laser pointer).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB 7247.1-2012, Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification
and requirements
GB/T 7247.13-2018, Safety of laser products - Part 13: Measurements for
classification of laser products
GB/T 7247.14-2012, Safety of laser products - Part 14: A user’s guide
IE C60825-1:2014, Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification
and requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB
7247.1-2012, GB/T 7247.13-2018, GB/T 7247.14-2012 as well as the
followings apply.
3.1 laser pointer
laser product used to indicate the location of a target object or space
classification of laser products is based on the maximum laser radiation level
that may be exposed under normal operating conditions. The safety categories
of laser products specified in 3.18~3.21 in GB 7247.1-2012 are only for the
harm of laser radiation to eyes and skin. For use characteristics of laser pointer
for consumer, in addition to the potential hazards caused by laser radiation
exposure, laser radiation may also cause temporary visual disturbances, such
as glare, flash blindness, and after-vision images. This effect depends on the
use conditions and environmental illuminance. Therefore, the laser pointer
categories given in this Standard only include Class 1, Class 1M, Class 2 and
Class 2M.
The electrical part of the laser pointer shall comply with relevant electrical safety
standards.
4.2 Classification responsibilities
It is the responsibility of the manufacturer (including agents) to correctly
determine the safety category of the laser pointer (see 6.1).
4.3 Classification rules
Laser pointers can be classified into a specific category only when they meet
all the requirements of this Standard for that category: such as control
measures, marks and user information. As a classification rule, the following
categories shall be used (in order of increasing degree of harm): Class 1, Class
1M, Class 2, and Class 2M.
It shall uniformly evaluate all wavelengths outside the nominal wavelength and
within the working wavelength. Comprehensive considerations meet the
following requirements:
a) In principle, the visible light wavelength accessible laser radiation shall be
far greater than the invisible light accessible laser radiation, so as to
prevent consumers from being exposed to invisible light laser radiation.
b) The accessible laser radiation of invisible light shall be less than 0.1mW.
c) The classification in this Standard uses the following time base:
1) In the wavelength range of 400nm~700nm, the time reference for Class
2 and Class 2M laser radiation is 0.25s;
2) In the wavelength range of 400nm~700nm, except for the cases listed
in 1), the time base is 100s.
When classifying products, each possible emission duration within the time
base shall be considered.
4.4 Categories
4.4.1 Class 1
Under reasonably foreseeable use conditions, usually it refers to safe laser
pointer. The laser radiation accessible to personnel is not allowed to exceed the
Class 1 achievable emission limit.
But in the case of low environmental illumination, it may still produce dazzling
visual effects in intrabeam viewing. See Annex A.
NOTE 1: See Table 1 for the accessible emission limits of Class 1.
4.4.2 Class 1M
Within the wavelength range of 400nm~700nm, it refers to laser pointer that
does not exceed the accessible emission limit of Class 1. If it uses optical
instruments (a small magnifying glass or telescope for the eye) to observe the
collimated beam, it may cause eye damage.
In the case of low ambient illumination, the beam may still produce dazzling
visual effects in intrabeam viewing. Temporary visual disturbances or startled
reactions can cause indirect general safety issues. See Annex A.
4.4.3 Class 2
Within the wavelength range of 400nm~700nm, it refers to laser point of which
the laser radiation accessible to personnel is not allowed to exceed the Class 2
achievable emission limit. Laser radiation accessible to personnel is safe for
the skin, but not inherently safe for the eyes. Under normal circumstances, the
human eye can be protected by the natural avoidance response (0.25s) to
strong light.
NOTE: This natural avoidance reaction will fail if the eyes are deliberately looking directly
at the beam. It may also be affected by drinking or taking medicine.
In the case of low environmental illumination, the laser beam of the Class 2
laser pointer can cause glare, flash blindness and after-view images.
Temporary visual disturbances or startled reactions can cause indirect general
safety issues. See Annex A.
4.4.4 Class 2M
Under certain measurement conditions, it refers to laser pointer that does not
exceed Class 2 allowable emission limits. If it uses optical instruments (a small
magnifying glass or telescope) to observe the collimated beam, the natural
avoidance response cannot provide adequate protection, and injury may still
It is usually necessary to access the possible laser exposure levels under all
foreseeable conditions. To ensure that when personnel are exposed to laser
radiation, their exposure level does not exceed MPE under reasonably
foreseeable conditions.
The assessment also considers any physical environmental conditions that can
cause harm. The importance of environmental factors varies with the safety
category of the laser pointer. Environmental factors include indoor and outdoor
Get QUOTATION in 1-minute: Click GB/T 39118-2020
Historical versions: GB/T 39118-2020
Preview True-PDF (Reload/Scroll if blank)
GB/T 39118-2020: Safety requirements of optical radiation for laser pointers products
GB/T 39118-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 31.260
L 51
Safety requirements of optical radiation for laser
pointers products
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 11, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Safety classification ... 5
4.1 Overview ... 5
4.2 Classification responsibilities ... 6
4.3 Classification rules ... 6
4.4 Categories ... 7
4.5 Accessible emission limits ... 8
5 Accessible emission and hazard assessment ... 9
5.1 Determination of accessible emission level ... 9
5.2 Hazard assessment... 10
6 Control measures ... 16
6.1 Requirements for manufacturer ... 16
6.2 Requirements for agents ... 20
6.3 Requirements for testing agency... 20
6.4 Requirements for user ... 20
Annex A (informative) Potential hazards of laser pointer light radiation ... 21
Annex B (informative) Calculation examples of MPE and NOHD ... 29
Bibliography ... 33
Safety requirements of optical radiation for laser
pointers products
1 Scope
This Standard specifies safety requirements of optical radiation for laser pointer
for consumer, mainly including safety classification, accessible emission and
hazard assessment as well as control measures.
This Standard is applicable to production, testing, sales and use of laser pointer
for consumer of which the nominal wavelength is within the visible light range
of 400nm~700nm (hereinafter referred to as laser pointer).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB 7247.1-2012, Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification
and requirements
GB/T 7247.13-2018, Safety of laser products - Part 13: Measurements for
classification of laser products
GB/T 7247.14-2012, Safety of laser products - Part 14: A user’s guide
IE C60825-1:2014, Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification
and requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB
7247.1-2012, GB/T 7247.13-2018, GB/T 7247.14-2012 as well as the
followings apply.
3.1 laser pointer
laser product used to indicate the location of a target object or space
classification of laser products is based on the maximum laser radiation level
that may be exposed under normal operating conditions. The safety categories
of laser products specified in 3.18~3.21 in GB 7247.1-2012 are only for the
harm of laser radiation to eyes and skin. For use characteristics of laser pointer
for consumer, in addition to the potential hazards caused by laser radiation
exposure, laser radiation may also cause temporary visual disturbances, such
as glare, flash blindness, and after-vision images. This effect depends on the
use conditions and environmental illuminance. Therefore, the laser pointer
categories given in this Standard only include Class 1, Class 1M, Class 2 and
Class 2M.
The electrical part of the laser pointer shall comply with relevant electrical safety
standards.
4.2 Classification responsibilities
It is the responsibility of the manufacturer (including agents) to correctly
determine the safety category of the laser pointer (see 6.1).
4.3 Classification rules
Laser pointers can be classified into a specific category only when they meet
all the requirements of this Standard for that category: such as control
measures, marks and user information. As a classification rule, the following
categories shall be used (in order of increasing degree of harm): Class 1, Class
1M, Class 2, and Class 2M.
It shall uniformly evaluate all wavelengths outside the nominal wavelength and
within the working wavelength. Comprehensive considerations meet the
following requirements:
a) In principle, the visible light wavelength accessible laser radiation shall be
far greater than the invisible light accessible laser radiation, so as to
prevent consumers from being exposed to invisible light laser radiation.
b) The accessible laser radiation of invisible light shall be less than 0.1mW.
c) The classification in this Standard uses the following time base:
1) In the wavelength range of 400nm~700nm, the time reference for Class
2 and Class 2M laser radiation is 0.25s;
2) In the wavelength range of 400nm~700nm, except for the cases listed
in 1), the time base is 100s.
When classifying products, each possible emission duration within the time
base shall be considered.
4.4 Categories
4.4.1 Class 1
Under reasonably foreseeable use conditions, usually it refers to safe laser
pointer. The laser radiation accessible to personnel is not allowed to exceed the
Class 1 achievable emission limit.
But in the case of low environmental illumination, it may still produce dazzling
visual effects in intrabeam viewing. See Annex A.
NOTE 1: See Table 1 for the accessible emission limits of Class 1.
4.4.2 Class 1M
Within the wavelength range of 400nm~700nm, it refers to laser pointer that
does not exceed the accessible emission limit of Class 1. If it uses optical
instruments (a small magnifying glass or telescope for the eye) to observe the
collimated beam, it may cause eye damage.
In the case of low ambient illumination, the beam may still produce dazzling
visual effects in intrabeam viewing. Temporary visual disturbances or startled
reactions can cause indirect general safety issues. See Annex A.
4.4.3 Class 2
Within the wavelength range of 400nm~700nm, it refers to laser point of which
the laser radiation accessible to personnel is not allowed to exceed the Class 2
achievable emission limit. Laser radiation accessible to personnel is safe for
the skin, but not inherently safe for the eyes. Under normal circumstances, the
human eye can be protected by the natural avoidance response (0.25s) to
strong light.
NOTE: This natural avoidance reaction will fail if the eyes are deliberately looking directly
at the beam. It may also be affected by drinking or taking medicine.
In the case of low environmental illumination, the laser beam of the Class 2
laser pointer can cause glare, flash blindness and after-view images.
Temporary visual disturbances or startled reactions can cause indirect general
safety issues. See Annex A.
4.4.4 Class 2M
Under certain measurement conditions, it refers to laser pointer that does not
exceed Class 2 allowable emission limits. If it uses optical instruments (a small
magnifying glass or telescope) to observe the collimated beam, the natural
avoidance response cannot provide adequate protection, and injury may still
It is usually necessary to access the possible laser exposure levels under all
foreseeable conditions. To ensure that when personnel are exposed to laser
radiation, their exposure level does not exceed MPE under reasonably
foreseeable conditions.
The assessment also considers any physical environmental conditions that can
cause harm. The importance of environmental factors varies with the safety
category of the laser pointer. Environmental factors include indoor and outdoor
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