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GB/T 19072-2022 English PDF (GBT19072-2022)

GB/T 19072-2022 English PDF (GBT19072-2022)

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GB/T 19072-2022: Wind turbines -- Tower
GB/T 19072-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.180
CCS F 11
Replacing GB/T 19072-2010
Wind turbines - Tower
ISSUED ON. OCTOBER 12, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON. OCTOBER 12, 2022
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 9
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms... 11
5 Design principles... 14
6 Steel tower... 16
7 Concrete tower... 52
Appendix A (Informative) Tower structure damping ratio... 100
Appendix B (Informative) Simplified buckling analysis method for tower door frame
opening... 103
Appendix C (Informative) Fatigue strength analysis of steel tower... 106
Bibliography... 107
Wind turbines - Tower
1 Scope
This document specifies the design principles, design requirements, process
requirements, test methods, inspection rules, completion data and accompanying
documents, marking, packaging, storage and transportation requirements of wind
turbine towers.
This document applies to the design, manufacture, construction and acceptance of
horizontal-axis wind turbine towers.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of
their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references,
the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB 175, Common Portland Cements
GB/T 470, Zinc ingots
GB/T 700, Carbon structural steels
GB/T 709, Dimension shape weight and tolerances for hot-rolled steel plates and
sheets
GB/T 985.1, Recommended joint preparation for gas welding, manual metal arc
welding, gas-shield arc welding and beam welding
GB/T 985.2, Recommended joint preparation for submerged arc welding
GB/T 1228, High strength bolts with large hexagon head for steel structures
GB/T 1231, Specifications of high strength bolts with large hexagon head, large
hexagon nuts, plain washers for steel structures
GB/T 1591, High strength low alloy structural steels
GB/T 3098.1, Mechanical properties of fasteners - Bolts, screws and studs
GB/T 3098.2, Mechanical properties of fasteners - Nuts
5 Design principles
5.1 The design service life of the tower shall not be less than the design service life of
the wind turbine.
5.2 The tower shall meet the following functional requirements within the specified
design service life.
-- During normal construction and use, it shall be able to withstand various loads
and effects that may occur;
-- During normal use, it shall have good working performance;
-- Under normal maintenance, it shall have sufficient durability;
-- In case of accidence, the structure shall be able to maintain overall stability.
5.3 The tower load shall be calculated and analyzed in accordance with the relevant
provisions of GB/T 18451.1.
5.4 In addition to the calculation and analysis of tower loads in accordance with 5.3,
additional loads caused by the inclination of the tower and foundation shall also be
considered. The tower inclination caused by factors such as installation, manufacturing
and temperature should be calculated at 5 mm/m, and the tower inclination caused by
factors such as foundation deformation and uneven settlement shall be calculated at 3
mm/m.
5.5 The modal damping ratio of the tower shall be obtained through testing or analysis,
and can be selected by referring to Appendix A during design.
5.6 The tower design shall be calculated and analyzed by selecting the most unfavorable
load condition combination among all design conditions.
5.7 The tower design shall consider the influence of vortex-induced vibration on the
tower when the tower is hoisted, shut down or out of wind. The calculation and analysis
can be carried out according to the method in Appendix E of EN 1991-1-4.2005 or other
methods of the same safety level. The first-order vortex-induced vibration of the tower
shall be considered in the calculation and analysis, and the second-order and higher-
order vortex-induced vibration shall be considered when necessary. Aerodynamic
damping shall not be considered when calculating vortex-induced vibration.
5.8 When the cumulative fatigue damage caused by vortex induction is not greater than
0.1, its influence can be ignored; when the cumulative fatigue damage caused by vortex
induction is greater than 0.1, it shall be superimposed with the cumulative damage
caused by fatigue load. A vortex-breaking structure can be added to the tower to destroy
the vortex induction formation or a damper can be added to reduce the influence of
vortex-induced vibration.
materials meet the design requirements. It can only be implemented after confirmation
by the design unit.
6.1.2.2 Flange
The flange steel shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 1591, and the thickness
direction performance (if required) shall at least comply with the Z25 requirements
specified in GB/T 5313-2010.The ultrasonic testing requirements shall at least comply
with the quality classification level I requirements in NB/T 47013.3-2015.
The quality grade of flange steel shall not be lower than that of tower tube steel. Flanges
shall be forgings. Forging steels shall be steel ingots refined outside the furnace,
vacuum degassed or continuous casting round billets. Continuous casting slabs are not
allowed.
The ordering content, technical requirements, sampling, test methods, inspection rules,
markings, labels and accompanying documents as well as packaging, transportation and
storage of flanges shall comply with the provisions of JB/T 11218.
6.1.2.3 Welding materials
The welding materials (welding rods, welding wires, welding flux) used in tower
manufacturing shall comply with the regulations and design requirements of GB/T 5117,
GB/T 5118, GB/T 5293, GB/T 8110, GB/T 10045, and shall have a valid quality
certificate.
The welding materials (welding rods, welding wires, welding flux) used in tower
manufacturing shall match the base material, and the impact absorption energy shall not
be lower than the base material requirements.
6.1.2.4 Fasteners
The steel and performance grade of fasteners used for tower connections shall be
selected by the design unit in accordance with GB/T 5782, GB/T 1228, GB/T 1231,
GB/T 3098.1, GB/T 3098.2, GB/T 32076 (all parts) and NB/T 31082, and the
performance requirements shall be clearly stated in the design documents.
6.2 Analysis of the inherent characteristics of the tower
The analysis of the inherent characteristics of the tower shall take into account.
-- In general, there shall be an appropriate interval between the natural frequency
f0,n and the excitation frequencies fR, fR,m, which can be calculated according
to Formula (1) and Formula (2).
The stability analysis of the tower shall take into account the relevant failure mode of
the specific type of structure, namely the buckling of the tower.
If the two ends of the tower section are L-shaped or T-shaped flanges, only the stability
of each tower section can be analyzed; if the two ends of the tower section are of other
types, it shall be confirmed that the two ends of the tower section can provide the
necessary boundary conditions in order to analyze the stability of each tower section,
other...
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