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GB/T 12538-2023 English PDF (GBT12538-2023)

GB/T 12538-2023 English PDF (GBT12538-2023)

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GB/T 12538-2023: Road vehicles -- Determination of centre of gravity
GB/T 12538-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
CCS T 40
Replacing GB/T 12538-2003
Road Vehicles - Determination of Center of Gravity
(ISO 10392:2011, MOD)
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 27, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 1, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5
4 Measurement Preparation and Preliminary Measurement ... 5
5 Determination of Horizontal Center of Gravity ... 8
6 Determination of Height of Center of Gravity ... 9
Appendix A (informative) Comparison Table of Structural No... 21
Appendix B (informative) Table of Technical Differences and Causes ... 23
Appendix C (informative) Test Record of Axle lift Method ... 25
Appendix D (informative) Test Record of Stable Pendulum Method ... 28
Appendix E (informative) Test Record of Tilt-table Method ... 31
Bibliography ... 35
Road Vehicles - Determination of Center of Gravity
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of center of gravity of road vehicles
and describes a method for the determination of horizontal center of gravity and three methods
for the determination of the height of center of gravity.
This document is applicable to motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicles. The axle lift
method for the measurement of the height of center of gravity is not applicable to articulated
passenger cars, semi-trailers, drawbar trailers (the drawbar has a supporting function), center-
axle trailers and combination vehicles.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 3730.1 Terms and Definitions of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Combination Vehicle - Part
1: Types
GB/T 3730.3 Motor Vehicles and Towed Vehicles - Dimensions of Vehicles - Terms and
Definitions (GB/T 3730.3-1992, ISO 612:1978, NEQ)
GB/T 12549 Terms and Definitions for Vehicle Controllability and Stability (GB/T 12549-2013,
ISO 8855:1991, NEQ)
GB/T 12673 Motor Vehicle Main Dimensions Measurement Method
GB/T 12674 Motor Vehicles - Weight Parameter - Measuring Method
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 3730.1, GB/T 3730.3 and GB/T 12549 are applicable
to this document.
4 Measurement Preparation and Preliminary Measurement
4.1 Coordinate System
Adopt the vehicle coordinate system specified in GB/T 12549, that is, the positive x direction
points forward along the main movement direction of the vehicle, the positive y direction points
horizontally to the left, and the positive z direction points upward.
4.2 Vehicle Preparation
4.2.1 Stowage
The load status of the vehicle shall be determined in accordance with the measurement
demands. The measurement of the unloaded center of gravity shall be based on the complete
vehicle kerb mass status. If it is necessary to load simulated loads, all loads shall be reliably
fixed.
The fuel tank of a fuel vehicle must be filled to at least 90% of the manufacturer’s design
capacity (it should be filled to the full). The impact of the significant shift of the oil level during
the measurement on the measurement result of the center of gravity shall be taken into
consideration.
4.2.2 Seat
The longitudinal and vertical position of the seat shall be adjusted in accordance with the
vehicle manufacture’s requirements, and the seat back angle shall be adjusted (for seats with
corresponding adjustment functions).
4.2.3 Tire
Under the test load condition, the cold inflation pressure of the tire of the test vehicle shall
comply with the vehicle manufacturer’s stipulations.
4.2.4 Suspension
The suspension should be locked in accordance with the normal working position required by
the vehicle manufacturer, and other flexibly installed vehicle components can also be locked.
For height-adjustable suspensions, the height adjustment function shall be in the OFF state, or
the suspension mode / position specified by the manufacturer.
4.2.5 Transmission and brake
On the premise of ensuring the safety of the vehicle, the transmission shall be placed in the
neutral position, and the automatic transmission shall be placed in the N gear; the parking brake
shall be released.
When using the stable pendulum method for measurement, the transmission shall be placed in
the P position and the parking brake shall be activated.
4.2.6 Other requirements
During the entire process of measuring the center of gravity, the vehicle power system is in a
non-working state, the windows are closed, and the wheels are traveling in a straight line.
Figure 2 -- Side View of Measurement of Height of Vehicle’s Center of Gravity Using the
Stable Pendulum Method
For the unstable pendulum method, a similar model and equilibrium equation can be used,
except that the rotation axis is lower than the position of the center of gravity of the system
composed of the vehicle and the vehicle supporting platform. For the unstable pendulum
method, static braking torque is required to maintain the stability of the vehicle / platform
system at any given tilt angle relative to the rotation axis. Under this circumstance,
measurements using a scale or weighing cell placed at a known distance from the rotation axis
can be used to determine the torque required to balance the system. In accordance with the
formulas in this document, similar formulas for the unstable pendulum method can be derived,
but the mathematical signs of some terms may need to be changed. By requiring the same
accuracy level for the required measuring instruments and equipment instructions, the final
accuracy of the unstable pendulum method can be basically the same as that of the stable
pendulum method.
The placement of the front and rear restraint components of the vehicle is shown in Figure 2.
When determining mp and hp, it is necessary to use the total mass (mres) of the restraint
components and the height of center of gravity (hres) of the restraint components.
6.2.2 Vehicle fixing and mechanical components
Weigh the prepared vehicle and record its total mass (mv), then, the vehicle shall be restrained
on the platform in a mode that minimizes the movement of the chassis relative to the platform.
The total mass (mres) of the restraint components (gaskets, blocks, jacks and straps, etc.) and the
height of center of gravity (hres) of the mass of the restraint components shall be determined and
recorded.
The platform structure shall be stiff enough to support the test vehicle without generating
significant vertical deformation. In addition, the bearings of the rotation axis shall be low-
friction and precisely aligned.
The distance in the height direction of the rotation axis from the platform (hpivot) and the position
of the applied load (lA and hA) shall be accurately measured.
6.2.3 Measurement procedures
6.2.3.1 Park a vehicle that complies with the measurement conditions on a stable pendulum
platform, so that the position of the vehicle’s center of gravity and the position of the platform’s
cent...
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