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GB/T 3655-2022 English PDF (GBT3655-2022)
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GB/T 3655-2022: Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steelstrip and sheet by means of an epstein frame
GB/T 3655-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.404.99
CCS H 21
Replacing GB/T 3655-2008
Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of
electrical steel strip and sheet by means of an Epstein frame
(IEC 60404-2:1996, Magnetic materials - Part 2: Methods of measurement of
the magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet and strip by means of an
Epstein frame, MOD)
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 12, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 12, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 General rules for AC measurements ... 7
4.1 Principle of 25 cm Epstein frame method ... 7
4.2 Specimen ... 7
4.3 25 cm Epstein frame ... 8
4.4 Air flux compensation ... 10
4.5 Power supply ... 11
4.6 Voltage measurement ... 12
4.7 Frequency measurement ... 12
4.8 Power meter ... 12
5 Measurement steps for specific total loss ... 13
5.1 Preparation for measurement ... 13
5.2 Power regulation ... 13
5.3 Power measurement ... 14
5.4 Calculation of specific total loss ... 15
5.5 Reproducibility of specific total loss measurement ... 16
6 Determination of peak value of magnetic polarization, effective value of magnetic
field strength, peak value of magnetic field strength and specific apparent power ... 16
6.1 Specimen ... 16
6.2 Measurement ... 16
6.3 Reproducibility ... 20
7 General rules for DC measurement ... 21
7.1 Principle of 25 cm Epstein frame method ... 21
7.2 Specimen ... 21
7.3 25 cm Epstein frame ... 21
7.4 Air flux compensation ... 21
7.5 Power supply ... 21
7.6 Device accuracy ... 21
8 Determination of DC magnetic polarization ... 22
8.1 Preparation for measurement ... 22
8.2 Determination of magnetic polarization ... 22
8.3 Determination of hysteresis loop... 24
8.4 Reproducibility of magnetic polarization measurements ... 24
9 Test report ... 24
Annex A (informative) Comparison on structural numbers between this document and
IEC 60404-2:1996 ... 26
Annex B (informative) Technical differences between this document and IEC 60404-
2:1996 and their reasons ... 27
Annex C (informative) Digital sampling method for magnetic properties measurement
... 29
Annex D (informative) Confirmation and calibration scheme for magnetic
measurement equipment ... 34
Annex E (informative) Control on the sinusoidal waveform of magnetic polarization by
digital method ... 42
Bibliography ... 44
Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of
electrical steel strip and sheet by means of an Epstein frame
1 Scope
This document specifies the general rules and technical details for measuring the
magnetic properties of electrical steel strip (sheet) by means of an Epstein frame.
This document is applicable to the measurement of AC magnetic properties and the
measurement of DC magnetic properties of grain-oriented and non-grain-oriented
electrical steel strips (sheets) with a frequency upper limit of 400 Hz.
Epstein frames are suitable for measuring specimens made from various grades of
electrical steel strips (sheets). The determination of the AC magnetic properties is
carried out at a given peak value of magnetic polarization (or peak value of magnetic
field strength) and a given frequency and sinusoidal induced voltage.
The measurement is carried out at ambient temperature (23±5)°C. The specimen is
demagnetized before measurement. Measurements at higher frequencies shall be
carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 10129.
NOTE 1: It can refer to this document and use a suitable Epstein frame for testing at other ambient
temperatures (such as 150°C). Indicate the relevant temperature in the test report.
NOTE 2: The "magnetic polarization" used in this document is defined in IEC 60050(221). In some
standards of the IEC 60404 series, there are cases where "magnetic flux density" is used. The
meanings of the physical quantities referred to by the two are the same.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2521.1, Cold-rolled electrical steel delivered in the fully-processed state - Part
1: Grain non-oriented steel strip (sheet) (GB/T 2521.1-2016, IEC 60404-8-4:2013,
MOD)
GB/T 2521.2, Cold-rolled electrical steel delivered in the fully-processed state - Part
2: Grain-oriented steel strip (sheet) (GB/T 2521.2-2016, IEC 60404-8-7:2008,
MOD)
GB/T 2900.60, Electrotechnical terminology - Electromagnetism [GB/T 2900.60-
2002, eqv IEC 60050(121):1998]
GB/T 9637, Electrotechnical terminology - Magnetic materials and components
[GB/T 9637-2001, eqv IEC 60050 (221):1990]
GB/T 10129, Methods of measurement of magnetic properties of electrical steel strip
and sheet at medium frequencies (GB/T 10129-2019, IEC 60404-10:2016, MOD)
GB/T 13012, Methods of measurement of d.c. magnetic properties of magnetically
soft materials (GB/T 13012-2008, IEC 60404-4:2000, IDT)
GB/T 17951.2, Cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip delivered in the semi-
processed state (GB/T 17951.2-2014, IEC 60404-8-3:2005, MOD)
GB/T 19289, Methods of measurement of resistivity, density and stacking factor of
electrical steel strip and sheet (GB/T 19289-2019, IEC 60404-13:2018, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 2900.60
and GB/T 9637apply.
4 General rules for AC measurements
4.1 Principle of 25 cm Epstein frame method
A 25 cm Epstein frame consists of primary coil, secondary coil and specimen as iron
core. It forms an unloaded transformer. Its AC characteristics are measured according
to the method described below.
4.2 Specimen
The sample piece of the specimen is assembled into a square frame by means of double
lap joints (see Figure 1). Four bundles of equal length and cross-sectional area are
formed. Sample pieces shall be prepared in accordance with GB/T 17951.2, GB/T
2521.1, GB/T 2521.2 and other requirements.
is used to measure the effective value of secondary voltage. The other is used to measure
the rectified average of the secondary voltage.
NOTE 1: This can be achieved in several ways, such as using an electronically controlled power
supply or a negative feedback power amplifier. The waveform factor of the secondary voltage is the
ratio of its effective value to the rectified average value.
NOTE 2: The waveform of the secondary induced voltage can be checked with an oscilloscope, so
as to ensure that only the fundamental component is present.
4.6 Voltage measurement
4.6.1 Average value voltmeter
A voltmeter with a rectified average measurement accuracy of ±0.2% or better shall be
used. The internal resistance is not less than 1000 Ω/V.
NOTE: The preferred meter is a digital voltmeter. For the application of the digital sampling method,
see Annex C.
4.6.2 Effective value voltmeter
A voltmeter with an effective value measurement accuracy of ±0.2% or better shall be
used. The internal resistance is not less than 1000 Ω/V.
NOTE: The preferred meter is a digital voltmeter. For the application of the digital sampling method,
see Annex C...
Get QUOTATION in 1-minute: Click GB/T 3655-2022
Historical versions: GB/T 3655-2022
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GB/T 3655-2022: Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steelstrip and sheet by means of an epstein frame
GB/T 3655-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.404.99
CCS H 21
Replacing GB/T 3655-2008
Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of
electrical steel strip and sheet by means of an Epstein frame
(IEC 60404-2:1996, Magnetic materials - Part 2: Methods of measurement of
the magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet and strip by means of an
Epstein frame, MOD)
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 12, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 12, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 General rules for AC measurements ... 7
4.1 Principle of 25 cm Epstein frame method ... 7
4.2 Specimen ... 7
4.3 25 cm Epstein frame ... 8
4.4 Air flux compensation ... 10
4.5 Power supply ... 11
4.6 Voltage measurement ... 12
4.7 Frequency measurement ... 12
4.8 Power meter ... 12
5 Measurement steps for specific total loss ... 13
5.1 Preparation for measurement ... 13
5.2 Power regulation ... 13
5.3 Power measurement ... 14
5.4 Calculation of specific total loss ... 15
5.5 Reproducibility of specific total loss measurement ... 16
6 Determination of peak value of magnetic polarization, effective value of magnetic
field strength, peak value of magnetic field strength and specific apparent power ... 16
6.1 Specimen ... 16
6.2 Measurement ... 16
6.3 Reproducibility ... 20
7 General rules for DC measurement ... 21
7.1 Principle of 25 cm Epstein frame method ... 21
7.2 Specimen ... 21
7.3 25 cm Epstein frame ... 21
7.4 Air flux compensation ... 21
7.5 Power supply ... 21
7.6 Device accuracy ... 21
8 Determination of DC magnetic polarization ... 22
8.1 Preparation for measurement ... 22
8.2 Determination of magnetic polarization ... 22
8.3 Determination of hysteresis loop... 24
8.4 Reproducibility of magnetic polarization measurements ... 24
9 Test report ... 24
Annex A (informative) Comparison on structural numbers between this document and
IEC 60404-2:1996 ... 26
Annex B (informative) Technical differences between this document and IEC 60404-
2:1996 and their reasons ... 27
Annex C (informative) Digital sampling method for magnetic properties measurement
... 29
Annex D (informative) Confirmation and calibration scheme for magnetic
measurement equipment ... 34
Annex E (informative) Control on the sinusoidal waveform of magnetic polarization by
digital method ... 42
Bibliography ... 44
Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of
electrical steel strip and sheet by means of an Epstein frame
1 Scope
This document specifies the general rules and technical details for measuring the
magnetic properties of electrical steel strip (sheet) by means of an Epstein frame.
This document is applicable to the measurement of AC magnetic properties and the
measurement of DC magnetic properties of grain-oriented and non-grain-oriented
electrical steel strips (sheets) with a frequency upper limit of 400 Hz.
Epstein frames are suitable for measuring specimens made from various grades of
electrical steel strips (sheets). The determination of the AC magnetic properties is
carried out at a given peak value of magnetic polarization (or peak value of magnetic
field strength) and a given frequency and sinusoidal induced voltage.
The measurement is carried out at ambient temperature (23±5)°C. The specimen is
demagnetized before measurement. Measurements at higher frequencies shall be
carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 10129.
NOTE 1: It can refer to this document and use a suitable Epstein frame for testing at other ambient
temperatures (such as 150°C). Indicate the relevant temperature in the test report.
NOTE 2: The "magnetic polarization" used in this document is defined in IEC 60050(221). In some
standards of the IEC 60404 series, there are cases where "magnetic flux density" is used. The
meanings of the physical quantities referred to by the two are the same.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2521.1, Cold-rolled electrical steel delivered in the fully-processed state - Part
1: Grain non-oriented steel strip (sheet) (GB/T 2521.1-2016, IEC 60404-8-4:2013,
MOD)
GB/T 2521.2, Cold-rolled electrical steel delivered in the fully-processed state - Part
2: Grain-oriented steel strip (sheet) (GB/T 2521.2-2016, IEC 60404-8-7:2008,
MOD)
GB/T 2900.60, Electrotechnical terminology - Electromagnetism [GB/T 2900.60-
2002, eqv IEC 60050(121):1998]
GB/T 9637, Electrotechnical terminology - Magnetic materials and components
[GB/T 9637-2001, eqv IEC 60050 (221):1990]
GB/T 10129, Methods of measurement of magnetic properties of electrical steel strip
and sheet at medium frequencies (GB/T 10129-2019, IEC 60404-10:2016, MOD)
GB/T 13012, Methods of measurement of d.c. magnetic properties of magnetically
soft materials (GB/T 13012-2008, IEC 60404-4:2000, IDT)
GB/T 17951.2, Cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip delivered in the semi-
processed state (GB/T 17951.2-2014, IEC 60404-8-3:2005, MOD)
GB/T 19289, Methods of measurement of resistivity, density and stacking factor of
electrical steel strip and sheet (GB/T 19289-2019, IEC 60404-13:2018, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 2900.60
and GB/T 9637apply.
4 General rules for AC measurements
4.1 Principle of 25 cm Epstein frame method
A 25 cm Epstein frame consists of primary coil, secondary coil and specimen as iron
core. It forms an unloaded transformer. Its AC characteristics are measured according
to the method described below.
4.2 Specimen
The sample piece of the specimen is assembled into a square frame by means of double
lap joints (see Figure 1). Four bundles of equal length and cross-sectional area are
formed. Sample pieces shall be prepared in accordance with GB/T 17951.2, GB/T
2521.1, GB/T 2521.2 and other requirements.
is used to measure the effective value of secondary voltage. The other is used to measure
the rectified average of the secondary voltage.
NOTE 1: This can be achieved in several ways, such as using an electronically controlled power
supply or a negative feedback power amplifier. The waveform factor of the secondary voltage is the
ratio of its effective value to the rectified average value.
NOTE 2: The waveform of the secondary induced voltage can be checked with an oscilloscope, so
as to ensure that only the fundamental component is present.
4.6 Voltage measurement
4.6.1 Average value voltmeter
A voltmeter with a rectified average measurement accuracy of ±0.2% or better shall be
used. The internal resistance is not less than 1000 Ω/V.
NOTE: The preferred meter is a digital voltmeter. For the application of the digital sampling method,
see Annex C.
4.6.2 Effective value voltmeter
A voltmeter with an effective value measurement accuracy of ±0.2% or better shall be
used. The internal resistance is not less than 1000 Ω/V.
NOTE: The preferred meter is a digital voltmeter. For the application of the digital sampling method,
see Annex C...
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