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GB/T 33819-2017 English PDF (GBT33819-2017)
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GB/T 33819-2017: Hard metal -- Palmqvist toughness test
GB/T 33819-2017
Hardmetals.Palmqvist toughness test
ICS 77.160
H16
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Cemented carbide Pap test
(ISO 28079.2009, IDT)
Released on.2017-05-31
2017-12-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration issued
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard uses the translation method equivalent to ISO 28079.2009 "hard alloy Pap value toughness test".
For ease of use, this standard makes the following editorial changes to ISO 28079.2009.
--- For ease of use, HV(P) in Chapter 3 adds N/mm2 as a unit;
--- Will be 6.2 W, corrected to WG;
--- Added the note in Appendix A.
This standard was proposed by the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Nonferrous Metals Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC243).
This standard was drafted. Xiamen Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd. (Technology Center), Xiamen Golden Heron Special Alloy Co., Ltd., Nanchang Cemented Carbide
limited liability company.
The main drafters of this standard. Chen Dongyu, Zhu Guirong, Nie Hongbo, Zhang Shouquan, Sun Xiaotong, Zhang Yuqi.
Cemented carbide Pap test
1 Scope
This standard specifies the method for testing the Barcolage toughness of cemented carbide and cermet by indentation at room temperature.
This standard applies to the testing of metal-bonded carbides and carbonitrides (often referred to as cemented carbide or cermet).
The toughness is calculated by testing the total length of the cracks emitted from the apex angles of the Vickers hardness indentations. The test procedure proposed in this standard is usually
It is carried out at room temperature and can be extended to test at high or low temperatures if agreed. The test procedure proposed in this standard is used in the routine laboratory air ring.
Conducted in the environment; not in corrosive environments such as strong acid or seawater environments.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
ISO 3878 Hardmetal Vickers Hardness Test Method (Hardmetals-Vickershardnesstest)
3 symbols and units
The following symbols and units apply to this document.
A. Constant 0.0028.
d. average of the indentation diagonal, mm.
D1, d2. single indentation diagonal value, mm.
E. Young's modulus, N/mm2.
F. indentation load (toughness calculation), N.
G. strain energy release rate, J/m2.
H. hardness, kgf/mm2.
HV(P). Vickers hardness at load P (kgf), kgf/mm2 or N/mm2.
Kic. Plane strain fracture toughness, MN/m3/2.
Ln. crack length at the top corner of the indentation, mm.
P. indentation load (Vickers hardness method), kgf.
T. total crack length, mm.
Tn. the crack length from vertex to vertex, mm.
WG. Barcolt toughness, N/mm or J/m2, 1 N/mm = 1000 J/m2.
WK. Pap fracture toughness, MN/m3/2.
ν. Poisson's ratio.
4 sample and sample preparation
4.1 Sample size and sampling
This standard has no special requirements on the shape of the sample, as long as a flat and parallel set of tests can be prepared on the sample to meet the indentation test.
Sample (test surface and back). Pressurized hot inlays can produce parallel planes, while cold inlays cannot produce parallel planes.
Parallel sample faces are easily obtained with a diamond cutter or an electric spark cutting device. The surface of the sample after cutting should be polished. Suggest
A 0.2 mm thick material should be removed prior to final polishing to ensure a representative test surface. For example, cemented carbide Vickers hardness test mark
The standard (see ISO 3878) specifies the removal of 0.2 mm.
Note. The thickness of the test piece recommended in M. Heinonen (UNMIST) [19] is at least 10 times the crack length. Because the stress state of the sample depends on
For materials that support indentations and their cracks, too thin samples may not give representative results. Using a thermosetting resin inlaid sample, it can be square
A flat and parallel test surface is produced directly. However, the disadvantage is that it is subsequently subjected to an annealing treatment (usually heat treatment at 800 ° C in a vacuum)
1h) To eliminate surface residual stress, the sample should be taken out of the resin before entering the annealing furnace.
4.2 Sample surface preparation
The flatness of the surface of the specimen is a basic requirement for the shape of the indentation. When testing, it can be confirmed by measuring the diagonal length of the Vickers indentation.
The flatness of the surface of the sample. If the difference in the length of the two diagonals of the indentation exceeds 1%, the surface of the sample is not flat, and the test result
invalid.
In view of the fact that the silicon carbide grinding wheel introduces greater residual stress, the method requires a metal bonded 40 μm particle size diamond wheel.
The surface of the sample is ground in the presence of a grinding fluid. Then the grinding plane is polished, it is recommended to use at least three abrasive grains
Polishing, first with a minimum particle size of 30μm diamond abrasive, followed by 6μm and 1μm polishing, the final stage needs to use no
flannel.
Note. If the final polishing stage is long enough to remove all damage from the flat grinding, this process can produce an unstressed surface. however,
It is difficult to prove the above situation because there is not a large amount of test data comparing only the polished and post-polished samples.
4.3 Surface condition of the sample
Stable test results require no residual stress on the sample surface (see Reference [8]). Polishing the method of stress removal requires a cumbersome system
Sexual measurements to ensure that the surface of the specimen is unaffected by stress is almost impossible in practice. Usually, the surface of the sample is polished to meet the micro
The metallographic structure of the structure was observed, and then the residual stress was removed by vacuum annealing at 800 ° C for 1 h according to Exner's research results [8]. If not
Testing with an annealed polished surface should be noted in the test report.
Note. New materials developed in recent years with finer WC particle size (measured by linear intercept method with a particle size of less than 0.8 μm)
There can be higher residual stresses. Eliminating the residual stress of these materials may require longer annealing times or higher annealing temperatures. Adopt higher
The annealing temperature may be a better choice, but further research is needed. The annealing step increases the complexity of the sample surface preparation process, but it
Ensure that there are no residual stresses on the surface.
5 instruments
5.1 Overview
The test equipment used for the indentation test of the specimen shall be calibrated in accordance with national standards. The shape of the indentation should be checked regularly to determine
Whether the indenter is damaged. The diagonal and crack length can be measured in the microscope attached to the hardness tester, or a separate microscope can be used.
These dimensions are measured, but the measuring device should be calibrated using the appropriate standards.
5.2 Indentation
The test method and test equipment for indenta...
Get QUOTATION in 1-minute: Click GB/T 33819-2017
Historical versions: GB/T 33819-2017
Preview True-PDF (Reload/Scroll if blank)
GB/T 33819-2017: Hard metal -- Palmqvist toughness test
GB/T 33819-2017
Hardmetals.Palmqvist toughness test
ICS 77.160
H16
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Cemented carbide Pap test
(ISO 28079.2009, IDT)
Released on.2017-05-31
2017-12-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration issued
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard uses the translation method equivalent to ISO 28079.2009 "hard alloy Pap value toughness test".
For ease of use, this standard makes the following editorial changes to ISO 28079.2009.
--- For ease of use, HV(P) in Chapter 3 adds N/mm2 as a unit;
--- Will be 6.2 W, corrected to WG;
--- Added the note in Appendix A.
This standard was proposed by the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Nonferrous Metals Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC243).
This standard was drafted. Xiamen Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd. (Technology Center), Xiamen Golden Heron Special Alloy Co., Ltd., Nanchang Cemented Carbide
limited liability company.
The main drafters of this standard. Chen Dongyu, Zhu Guirong, Nie Hongbo, Zhang Shouquan, Sun Xiaotong, Zhang Yuqi.
Cemented carbide Pap test
1 Scope
This standard specifies the method for testing the Barcolage toughness of cemented carbide and cermet by indentation at room temperature.
This standard applies to the testing of metal-bonded carbides and carbonitrides (often referred to as cemented carbide or cermet).
The toughness is calculated by testing the total length of the cracks emitted from the apex angles of the Vickers hardness indentations. The test procedure proposed in this standard is usually
It is carried out at room temperature and can be extended to test at high or low temperatures if agreed. The test procedure proposed in this standard is used in the routine laboratory air ring.
Conducted in the environment; not in corrosive environments such as strong acid or seawater environments.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
ISO 3878 Hardmetal Vickers Hardness Test Method (Hardmetals-Vickershardnesstest)
3 symbols and units
The following symbols and units apply to this document.
A. Constant 0.0028.
d. average of the indentation diagonal, mm.
D1, d2. single indentation diagonal value, mm.
E. Young's modulus, N/mm2.
F. indentation load (toughness calculation), N.
G. strain energy release rate, J/m2.
H. hardness, kgf/mm2.
HV(P). Vickers hardness at load P (kgf), kgf/mm2 or N/mm2.
Kic. Plane strain fracture toughness, MN/m3/2.
Ln. crack length at the top corner of the indentation, mm.
P. indentation load (Vickers hardness method), kgf.
T. total crack length, mm.
Tn. the crack length from vertex to vertex, mm.
WG. Barcolt toughness, N/mm or J/m2, 1 N/mm = 1000 J/m2.
WK. Pap fracture toughness, MN/m3/2.
ν. Poisson's ratio.
4 sample and sample preparation
4.1 Sample size and sampling
This standard has no special requirements on the shape of the sample, as long as a flat and parallel set of tests can be prepared on the sample to meet the indentation test.
Sample (test surface and back). Pressurized hot inlays can produce parallel planes, while cold inlays cannot produce parallel planes.
Parallel sample faces are easily obtained with a diamond cutter or an electric spark cutting device. The surface of the sample after cutting should be polished. Suggest
A 0.2 mm thick material should be removed prior to final polishing to ensure a representative test surface. For example, cemented carbide Vickers hardness test mark
The standard (see ISO 3878) specifies the removal of 0.2 mm.
Note. The thickness of the test piece recommended in M. Heinonen (UNMIST) [19] is at least 10 times the crack length. Because the stress state of the sample depends on
For materials that support indentations and their cracks, too thin samples may not give representative results. Using a thermosetting resin inlaid sample, it can be square
A flat and parallel test surface is produced directly. However, the disadvantage is that it is subsequently subjected to an annealing treatment (usually heat treatment at 800 ° C in a vacuum)
1h) To eliminate surface residual stress, the sample should be taken out of the resin before entering the annealing furnace.
4.2 Sample surface preparation
The flatness of the surface of the specimen is a basic requirement for the shape of the indentation. When testing, it can be confirmed by measuring the diagonal length of the Vickers indentation.
The flatness of the surface of the sample. If the difference in the length of the two diagonals of the indentation exceeds 1%, the surface of the sample is not flat, and the test result
invalid.
In view of the fact that the silicon carbide grinding wheel introduces greater residual stress, the method requires a metal bonded 40 μm particle size diamond wheel.
The surface of the sample is ground in the presence of a grinding fluid. Then the grinding plane is polished, it is recommended to use at least three abrasive grains
Polishing, first with a minimum particle size of 30μm diamond abrasive, followed by 6μm and 1μm polishing, the final stage needs to use no
flannel.
Note. If the final polishing stage is long enough to remove all damage from the flat grinding, this process can produce an unstressed surface. however,
It is difficult to prove the above situation because there is not a large amount of test data comparing only the polished and post-polished samples.
4.3 Surface condition of the sample
Stable test results require no residual stress on the sample surface (see Reference [8]). Polishing the method of stress removal requires a cumbersome system
Sexual measurements to ensure that the surface of the specimen is unaffected by stress is almost impossible in practice. Usually, the surface of the sample is polished to meet the micro
The metallographic structure of the structure was observed, and then the residual stress was removed by vacuum annealing at 800 ° C for 1 h according to Exner's research results [8]. If not
Testing with an annealed polished surface should be noted in the test report.
Note. New materials developed in recent years with finer WC particle size (measured by linear intercept method with a particle size of less than 0.8 μm)
There can be higher residual stresses. Eliminating the residual stress of these materials may require longer annealing times or higher annealing temperatures. Adopt higher
The annealing temperature may be a better choice, but further research is needed. The annealing step increases the complexity of the sample surface preparation process, but it
Ensure that there are no residual stresses on the surface.
5 instruments
5.1 Overview
The test equipment used for the indentation test of the specimen shall be calibrated in accordance with national standards. The shape of the indentation should be checked regularly to determine
Whether the indenter is damaged. The diagonal and crack length can be measured in the microscope attached to the hardness tester, or a separate microscope can be used.
These dimensions are measured, but the measuring device should be calibrated using the appropriate standards.
5.2 Indentation
The test method and test equipment for indenta...
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